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The Thermosiphon Cooling System of the ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
/ Battistin, M (CERN) ; Berry, S (CERN) ; Bitadze, A (Glasgow U.) ; Bonneau, P (CERN) ; Botelho-Direito, J (CERN) ; Boyd, G (Oklahoma U.) ; Corbaz, F (CERN) ; Crespo-Lopez, O (CERN) ; Da Riva, E (CERN) ; Degeorge, C (Indiana U.) et al.
The silicon tracker of the ATLAS experiment at CERN Large Hadron Collider will operate around –15°C to minimize the effects of radiation damage. The present cooling system is based on a conventional evaporative circuit, removing around 60 kW of heat dissipated by the silicon sensors and their local electronics. [...]
2015
- Published in : Int. J. Chem. React. Eng. 13 (2015) 511-521
De Gruyter Open Access article: PDF;
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2.
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Development of a custom on-line ultrasonic vapour analyzer/flowmeter for the ATLAS inner detector, with application to gaseous tracking and Cherenkov detectors
/ Bates, R. (Glasgow U.) ; Battistin, M. (CERN) ; Berry, S. (CERN) ; Berthoud, J. (CERN) ; Bitadze, A. (Glasgow U.) ; Bonneau, P. (CERN) ; Botelho-Direito, J. (CERN) ; Bousson, N. (Marseille, CPPM) ; Boyd, G. (Oklahoma U.) ; Bozza, G. (CERN) et al.
Precision sound velocity measurements can simultaneously determine binary gas composition and flow. We have developed an analyzer with custom electronics, currently in use in the ATLAS inner detector, with numerous potential applications. [...]
arXiv:1210.8045.-
2013 - 8 p.
- Published in : JINST 8 (2013) C01002
IOP Open Access article: PDF; External link: Preprint
In : Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics, Oxford, UK, 17 - 21 Sep 2012, pp.C01002
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3.
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The cooling capabilities of C$_2$F$_6$/C$_3$F$_8$ saturated fluorocarbon blends for the ATLAS silicon tracker
/ Bates, R (Glasgow U.) ; Battistin, M (CERN) ; Berry, S (CERN) ; Bitadze, A (Glasgow U.) ; Bonneau, P (CERN) ; Bousson, N (Marseille, CPPM) ; Boyd, G (Oklahoma U.) ; Botelho-Direito, J (CERN) ; Crespo-Lopez, O (CERN) ; DiGirolamo, B (CERN) et al.
We investigate and address the performance limitations of the ATLAS silicon tracker fluorocarbon evaporative cooling system operation in the cooling circuits of the barrel silicon microstrip (SCT) sub-detector. In these circuits the minimum achievable evaporation temperatures with C(3)F(8) were higher than the original specification, and were thought to allow an insufficient safety margin against thermal runaway in detector modules subject to a radiation dose initially foreseen for 10 years operation at LHC. [...]
2015 - 33 p.
- Published in : JINST 10 (2015) P03027
IOP Open Access article: PDF;
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4.
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A combined ultrasonic flow meter and binary vapour mixture analyzer for the ATLAS silicon tracker
/ Bates, R. (Glasgow U.) ; Battistin, M. (CERN) ; Berry, S. (CERN) ; Berthoud, J. (CERN) ; Bitadze, A. (Glasgow U.) ; Bonneau, P. (CERN) ; Botelho-Direito, J. (CERN) ; Bousson, N. (Marseille, CPPM) ; Boyd, G. (Oklahoma U.) ; Bozza, G. (CERN) et al.
An upgrade to the ATLAS silicon tracker cooling control system may require a change from C3F8 (octafluoro-propane) evaporative coolant to a blend containing 10-25% of C2F6 (hexafluoro-ethane). Such a change will reduce the evaporation temperature to assure thermal stability following radiation damage accumulated at full LHC luminosity. [...]
arXiv:1210.4835.-
2013 - 30 p.
- Published in : JINST 8 (2013) P02006
Fulltext: PDF; IOP Open Access article: PDF; External link: Preprint
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5.
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A Combined On-Line Acoustic Flowmeter and Fluorocarbon Coolant Mixture Analyzer for The ATLAS Silicon Tracker
/ Bitadze, A. (Glasgow U.) ; Bates, R. (Glasgow U.) ; Battistin, M. (CERN) ; Berry, S. (CERN) ; Bonneau, P. (CERN) ; Botelho-Direito, J. (CERN) ; DiGirolamo, B. (CERN) ; Godlewski, J. (CERN) ; Perez-Rodriguez, E. (CERN) ; Zwalinski, L. (CERN) et al.
An upgrade to the ATLAS silicon tracker cooling control system may require a change from C3F8 (octafluoro-propane) to a blend containing 10-30% of C2F6 (hexafluoro-ethane) to reduce the evaporation temperature and better protect the silicon from cumulative radiation damage with increasing LHC luminosity. Central to this upgrade is a new acoustic instrument for the real-time measurement of the C3F8/C2F6 mixture ratio and flow. [...]
arXiv:1201.2640.-
2011 - 6 p.
- Published in : Conf. Proc.: C111010 (2011) , pp. WEPMN038
Fulltext: PDF; External links: Preprint; Published version from JaCoW
In : 13th International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, Grenoble, France, 10 - 14 Oct 2011, pp.969-972
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6.
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Simultaneous On-line Ultrasonic Flowmetery and Binary Gas Mixture Analysis for the ATLAS Silicon Tracker Cooling Control System
/ Doubek, M (Prague, Tech. U., Mech.) ; Vacek, V (Prague, Tech. U., Mech.) ; Vitek, M (Prague, Tech. U., Mech.) ; Bates, R L (Glasgow U.) ; Bitadze, A (Glasgow U.) ; Battistin, M (CERN) ; Berry, S (CERN) ; Berthoud, J (CERN) ; Bonneau, P (CERN) ; Botelho-Direito, J (CERN) et al.
SIMULTANEOUS ON-LINE ULTRASONIC FLOWMETERY AND BINARY GAS MIXTURE ANALYSIS FOR THE ATLAS SILICON TRACKER COOLING CONTROL SYSTEM.
2014
External link: Published version from JaCoW
In : 14th International Conference on Accelerator & Large Experimental Physics Control Systems, San Francisco, CA, USA, 6 - 11 Oct 2013, pp.tuppc038
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7.
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A Custom Online Ultrasonic Gas Mixture Analyzer With Simultaneous Flowmetry, Developed for the Upgraded Evaporative Cooling System of the ATLAS Silicon Tracker
/ Bates, R (Glasgow U.) ; Battistin, M ; Berry, S ; Berthoud, J ; Bitadze, A ; Bonneau, P ; Botelho-Direito, J ; Bousson, N ; Boyd, G ; Bozza, G et al.
We describe a combined ultrasonic instrument for continuous gas flow measurement and simultaneous real-time binary gas mixture analysis. In the instrument, sound bursts are transmitted in opposite directions, which may be aligned with the gas flow path or at an angle to it, the latter configuration being the best adapted to high flow rates. [...]
2014 - 7 p.
- Published in : IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 61 (2014) 2059-2065
In : Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation Measurement Methods and Applications, Marseille, France, 23 - 27 Jun 2013, pp.2059-2065
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8.
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Applications and perspectives of gas analysis based on sonar instrumentation
/ Rossi, C (INFN, Genoa) ; Battistin, M (CERN) ; Bortolin, C (CERN) ; Crespo-Lopez, O (CERN) ; Deterre, C (DESY) ; Doubek, M (Prague, Tech. U.) ; Hallewell, G (Marseille, CPPM) ; Katunin, S (St. Petersburg, INP) ; Nagai, K (Oxford U.) ; Pearson, B (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) et al.
We have developed ultrasonic instrumentation to simultaneously monitor flow and composition in a variety of gas mixtures. Flow and mixture composition are respectively derived from measurements of the difference and average of sound transit times in two opposite directions in a flowing process gas blend. [...]
2019 - 8 p.
- Published in : Thermal Sc. Eng. Prog. 9 (2019) 169-176
Fulltext: PDF;
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9.
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Development of fluorocarbon evaporative cooling recirculators and controls for the ATLAS inner silicon tracker
/ Bayer, C (Wuppertal U.) ; Berry, S (CERN) ; Bonneau, P (CERN) ; Bosteels, Michel (CERN) ; Burckhart, H J (CERN) ; Cragg, D (Rutherford) ; English, R (Rutherford) ; Hallewell, G D (Rutherford ; Marseille, CPPM) ; Hallgren, Björn I (CERN) ; Ilie, S (CERN) et al.
We report on the development of evaporative fluorocarbon cooling recirculators and their control systems for the ATLAS inner silicon tracker. [...]
ATL-INDET-2000-024.
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2000.
Access to fulltext document - Access to fulltext document
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10.
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Development of a custom on-line ultrasonic vapour analyzer and flow meter for the ATLAS inner detector, with application to Cherenkov and gaseous charged particle detectors
/ Alhroob, M (Oklahoma U.) ; Bates, R (Glasgow U.) ; Battistin, M (CERN) ; Berry, S (CERN) ; Bitadze, A (Glasgow U.) ; Bonneau, P (CERN) ; Bousson, N (CERN) ; Boyd, G (Oklahoma U.) ; Bozza, G (CERN) ; Crespo-Lopez, O (CERN) et al.
Precision sound velocity measurements can simultaneously determine binary gas composition and flow. We have developed an analyzer with custom microcontroller-based electronics, currently used in the ATLAS Detector Control System, with numerous potential applications. [...]
2015
- Published in : JINST 10 (2015) C03045
Fulltext: PDF;
In : Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics 2014, Aix En Provence, France, 22 - 26 Sep 2014, pp.C03045
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