Springer : Search for Majorana neutrinos exploiting millikelvin cryogenics with CUORE

Adams, D.Q.; Gotti, C.; Pagan, S.; Brofferio, C.; Pira, C.; Gironi, L.; Winslow, L.A.; Speller, D.; Caminata, A.; Taffarello, L.; Morganti, S.; Zimmermann, S.; Cremonesi, O.; Napolitano, T.; Dell'Oro, S.; Gutierrez, T.D.; Zucchelli, S.; Pirro, S.; Sharma, V.; Norman, E.B.; Pagliarone, C.E.; Johnston, J.; Han, K.; Dompè, V.; Vetter, K.J.; Pavan, M.; Creswick, R.J.; Scielzo, N.D.; Chiesa, D.; Ferroni, F.; Ma, Y.G.; Clemenza, M.; Fang, D.Q.; O'Donnell, T.; Singh, V.; Nones, C.; Fiorini, E.; Faverzani, M.; Branca, A.; Giuliani, A.; Rusconi, C.; Avignone, III F.T.; Huang, R.G.; Copello, S.; Puiu, A.; Mayer, D.; Pagnanini, L.; Azzolini, O.; Maruyama, R.H.; Freedman, S.J.; Mei, Y.; Rosenfeld, C.; Cardani, L.; Keppel, G.; Ma, L.; Celi, E.; Biassoni, M.; Giachero, A.; Gorla, P.; Canonica, L.; Kolomensky, Yu. G.; Pallavicini, M.; Vignati, M.; Nastasi, M.; Dafinei, I.; Fujikawa, B.K.; Fu, S.H.; Nutini, I.; Nucciotti, A.; Wilson, J.; Terranova, F.; Franceschi, M.A.; Camilleri, J.; Sisti, M.; Liu, R.; Heeger, K.M.; Nikkel, J.; Sangiorgio, S.; Hansen, E.V.; Huang, H.Z.; Welliver, B.; Schmidt, B.; Bellini, F.; Alfonso, K.; Di Domizio, S.; Wang, B.S.; Alduino, C.; Capelli, S.; Cappelli, L.; Wilson, K.; D'Addabbo, A.; Ligi, C.; Benato, G.; Beretta, M.; Pettinacci, V.; Cao, X.G.; Wagaarachchi, S.L.; Ouellet, J.L.; Previtali, E.; Fantini, G.; Surukuchi, P.T.; Moggi, N.; Tomei, C.; Pattavina, L.; Bucci, C.; Bari, G.; Pozzi, S.; Ferri, E.; Casali, N.; Carniti, P.; Sakai, M.; Marini, L.; Campani, A.; Pessina, G.

doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04497-4

Article
Report number	arXiv:2104.06906
Title	Search for Majorana neutrinos exploiting millikelvin cryogenics with CUORE
Related title	Search for Majorana neutrinos exploiting millikelvin cryogenics with CUORE
Author(s)	Adams, D.Q. (South Carolina U.) ; Alduino, C. (South Carolina U.) ; Alfonso, K. (UCLA) ; Avignone, III F.T. (South Carolina U.) ; Azzolini, O. (INFN, Legnaro) ; Bari, G. (INFN, Bologna) ; Bellini, F. (Rome U. ; CERN ; UC, Riverside ; INFN, Rome) ; Benato, G. (Gran Sasso) ; Beretta, M. (UC, Berkeley) ; Biassoni, M. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Branca, A. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Brofferio, C. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Bucci, C. (Gran Sasso) ; Camilleri, J. (Virginia Tech.) ; Caminata, A. (INFN, Genoa) ; Campani, A. (INFN, Genoa ; Genoa U.) ; Canonica, L. (Gran Sasso ; MIT) ; Cao, X.G. (Fudan U.) ; Capelli, S. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Cappelli, L. (Gran Sasso ; UC, Berkeley ; LBNL, NSD) ; Cardani, L. (CERN ; UC, Riverside ; INFN, Rome) ; Carniti, P. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Casali, N. (CERN ; UC, Riverside ; INFN, Rome) ; Celi, E. (Gran Sasso ; GSSI, Aquila) ; Chiesa, D. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Clemenza, M. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Copello, S. (INFN, Genoa ; Genoa U.) ; Cremonesi, O. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Creswick, R.J. (South Carolina U.) ; D'Addabbo, A. (Gran Sasso ; GSSI, Aquila) ; Dafinei, I. (CERN ; UC, Riverside ; INFN, Rome) ; Dell'Oro, S. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Di Domizio, S. (INFN, Genoa ; Genoa U.) ; Dompè, V. (Gran Sasso ; GSSI, Aquila) ; Fang, D.Q. (Fudan U.) ; Fantini, G. (Rome U. ; CERN ; UC, Riverside ; INFN, Rome) ; Faverzani, M. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Ferri, E. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Ferroni, F. (CERN ; UC, Riverside ; GSSI, Aquila ; INFN, Rome) ; Fiorini, E. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Franceschi, M.A. (Frascati) ; Freedman, S.J. (UC, Berkeley ; LBNL, NSD) ; Fu, S.H. (Fudan U.) ; Fujikawa, B.K. (LBNL, NSD) ; Giachero, A. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Gironi, L. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Giuliani, A. (IJCLab, Orsay) ; Gorla, P. (Gran Sasso) ; Gotti, C. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Gutierrez, T.D. (Cal. Poly.) ; Han, K. (Shanghai Jiaotong U., INPAC ; Shanghai Jiao Tong U.) ; Hansen, E.V. (UC, Berkeley) ; Heeger, K.M. (Yale U.) ; Huang, R.G. (UC, Berkeley) ; Huang, H.Z. (UCLA) ; Johnston, J. (MIT) ; Keppel, G. (INFN, Legnaro) ; Kolomensky, Yu. G. (UC, Berkeley ; LBNL, NSD) ; Ligi, C. (Frascati) ; Liu, R. (Yale U.) ; Ma, L. (UCLA) ; Ma, Y.G. (Fudan U.) ; Marini, L. (Gran Sasso ; UC, Berkeley ; LBNL, NSD ; GSSI, Aquila) ; Maruyama, R.H. (Yale U.) ; Mayer, D. (MIT) ; Mei, Y. (LBNL, NSD) ; Moggi, N. (INFN, Bologna ; U. Bologna, DIFA) ; Morganti, S. (CERN ; UC, Riverside ; INFN, Rome) ; Napolitano, T. (Frascati) ; Nastasi, M. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Nikkel, J. (Yale U.) ; Nones, C. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Norman, E.B. (LLNL, Livermore ; UC, Berkeley) ; Nucciotti, A. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Nutini, I. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; O'Donnell, T. (Virginia Tech.) ; Ouellet, J.L. (MIT) ; Pagan, S. (Yale U.) ; Pagliarone, C.E. (Gran Sasso ; Brescia U. ; Cassino U.) ; Pagnanini, L. (Gran Sasso ; GSSI, Aquila) ; Pallavicini, M. (INFN, Genoa ; Genoa U.) ; Pattavina, L. (Gran Sasso) ; Pavan, M. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Pessina, G. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Pettinacci, V. (CERN ; UC, Riverside ; INFN, Rome) ; Pira, C. (INFN, Legnaro) ; Pirro, S. (Gran Sasso) ; Pozzi, S. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Previtali, E. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Puiu, A. (Gran Sasso ; GSSI, Aquila) ; Rosenfeld, C. (South Carolina U.) ; Rusconi, C. (South Carolina U. ; Gran Sasso) ; Sakai, M. (UC, Berkeley) ; Sangiorgio, S. (LLNL, Livermore) ; Schmidt, B. (LBNL, NSD) ; Scielzo, N.D. (LLNL, Livermore) ; Sharma, V. (Virginia Tech.) ; Singh, V. (UC, Berkeley) ; Sisti, M. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Speller, D. (Johns Hopkins U.) ; Surukuchi, P.T. (Yale U.) ; Taffarello, L. (INFN, Padua) ; Terranova, F. (Milan Bicocca U. ; INFN, Milan Bicocca) ; Tomei, C. (CERN ; UC, Riverside ; INFN, Rome) ; Vetter, K.J. (UC, Berkeley ; LBNL, NSD) ; Vignati, M. (Rome U. ; CERN ; UC, Riverside ; INFN, Rome) ; Wagaarachchi, S.L. (UC, Berkeley ; LBNL, NSD) ; Wang, B.S. (LLNL, Livermore ; UC, Berkeley) ; Welliver, B. (LBNL, NSD) ; Wilson, J. (South Carolina U.) ; Wilson, K. (South Carolina U.) ; Winslow, L.A. (MIT) ; Zimmermann, S. (LBL, Berkeley) ; Zucchelli, S. (INFN, Bologna ; U. Bologna, DIFA)
Publication	2022-04-06
Imprint	2021-04-14
Number of pages	6
In:	Nature 604, 7904 (2022) pp.53-58
DOI	10.1038/s41586-022-04497-4 10.1038/s41586-022-04497-4 10.1038/s41586-022-04497-4 (publication)
Subject category	nucl-ex ; Nuclear Physics - Experiment
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	CUORE
Abstract	The possibility that neutrinos may be their own antiparticles, unique among the known fundamental particles, arises from the symmetric theory of fermions proposed by Ettore Majorana in 1937. Given the profound consequences of such Majorana neutrinos, among which is a potential explanation for the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe via leptogenesis, the Majorana nature of neutrinos commands intense experimental scrutiny globally; one of the primary experimental probes is neutrinoless double beta ($0 \nu \beta \beta$) decay. Here we show results from the search for $0 \nu \beta \beta$ decay of $^{130}$Te, using the latest advanced cryogenic calorimeters with the CUORE experiment. CUORE, operating just 10 millikelvin above absolute zero, has pushed the state of the art on three frontiers: the sheer mass held at such ultra-low temperatures, operational longevity, and the low levels of ionising radiation emanating from the cryogenic infrastructure. We find no evidence for $0 \nu \beta \beta$ decay and set a lower bound of $T_{1/2}^{0 \nu} > 2.2 \times 10^{25}$ years at a 90% credibility interval. We discuss potential applications of the advances made with CUORE to other fields such as direct dark matter, neutrino and nuclear physics searches and large-scale quantum computing, which can benefit from sustained operation of large payloads in a low-radioactivity, ultra-low temperature cryogenic environment.
Copyright/License	CC-BY-4.0 publication: (License: CC BY 4.0) preprint: (License: arXiv nonexclusive-distrib 1.0)

$The CUORE detector. Left: Rendering of the 6-stage cryostat, with the pulse tubes and dilution unit, the internal low-radioactivity modern and Roman lead shields, and the array of 988 \TeO\ crystals (light blue). Top right: The detector after installation. The plastic ring was used during assembly for radon protection. Bottom right: One of the calorimeters instrumented with an NTD Ge thermistor which measures the temperature increase induced by absorbed radiation. The Si heater is used to inject pulses for thermal gain stabilization. The polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) supports and the gold wires instrumenting the NTD and the heater provide the thermal link between the crystal and the heat bath, i.e. the Cu frames~\protect\citemaintext{Alduino:2016vjd}.$ $Cryogenic performance. Top: The exposure accumulated by CUORE (left, teal), along with the exposure used for this analysis (left, orange). Part of 2017 and 2018 was dedicated to maintenance and optimization of the cryogenic setup; since then, CUORE has been operating stably with a $90\%$ duty cycle (March 2019--October 2020) (right). Middle: Examples of temperature instabilities induced by external causes, e.g. blackouts and earthquakes, or human intervention, such as regular maintenance or the insertion of calibration sources. Bottom: The temperature stability of CUORE over $\sim$1\,yr of continuous operation, shown by a plot of relative temperature fluctuation versus time, and a histogram of the same data ($1 \text{ t yr} = 1,000 \text{ kg}\cdot\text{yr}$).$ $Physics spectrum for 1038.4\,kg$\cdot$yr of \TeO\ exposure. We separately show the effects of the base cuts, the anti-coincidence (AC) cut, and the pulse shape discrimination (PSD). The most prominent background peaks in the spectrum are highlighted. Top right inset: the ROI after all selection cuts, with the best-fit curve (solid red), the best-fit curve with the $0\nu\beta\beta$ rate fixed to the 90\% CI limit (blue), and background-only fit (black) superimposed.$ Show more plots

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ჩანაწერი შექმნილია 2022-04-19, ბოლოს შესწორებულია 2024-09-18

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