arXiv : New CAST Limit on the Axion-Photon Interaction

Anastassopoulos, V.; Liolios, A.; Collar, J.I.; Hailey, C.J.; Bräuninger, H.; Irastorza, Igor Garcia; Dermenev, A.; Gninenko, S.; Krieger, Ch.; Ruiz Chóliz, E.; Jakobsen, A.; Ljubičić, A.; Castel, J.F.; Geralis, T.; Schmidt, S.; Neff, S.; Raffelt, G.; Belov, A.; Savvidis, I.; Lakić, B.; Dafni, T.; Paraschou, K.; Vafeiadis, T.; Pivovaroff, M.J.; Carmona, J.M.; Fanourakis, G.; Stewart, L.; Jacoby, J.; Davenport, M.; Laurent, J.M.; Kostoglou, S.; Desch, K.; Ferrer-Ribas, E.; Gazis, E.N.; Ortega, I.; Semertzidis, Y.K.; Yildiz, S.C.; Gardikiotis, A.; Hasinoff, M.D.; Ruz, J.; Vogel, J.K.; Cetin, S.A.; Krčmar, M.; Solanki, S.K.; Miceli, L.; Garć ia, J.A.; Cantatore, G.; Christensen, F.; Zioutas, K.; Aune, S.; Papaevangelou, T.; Rosu, M.; Maroudas, M.; Karuza, M.; Garza, J.G.; Eleftheriadis, C.; Iguaz, F.J.; Jakovčí c, K.; Kralj, N.; Giomataris, I.; Decker, T.A.; Fischer, H.; Kaminski, J.; Barth, K.; Luzón, G.; Hoffmann, D.H.H.

doi:10.1038/nphys4109

Published Articles
Report number	arXiv:1705.02290
Title	New CAST Limit on the Axion-Photon Interaction
Related title	New CAST Limit on the Axion-Photon Interaction
Author(s)	Anastassopoulos, V. (Patras U.) ; Aune, S. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Barth, K. (CERN) ; Belov, A. (Moscow, INR) ; Bräuninger, H. (Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE) ; Cantatore, G. (INFN, Trieste ; Trieste U.) ; Carmona, J.M. (Zaragoza U.) ; Castel, J.F. (Zaragoza U.) ; Cetin, S.A. (Istanbul U.) ; Christensen, F. (Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Collar, J.I. (Chicago U. ; Chicago U., EFI ; Chicago U., KICP) ; Dafni, T. (Zaragoza U.) ; Davenport, M. (CERN) ; Decker, T.A. (LLNL, Livermore) ; Dermenev, A. (Moscow, INR) ; Desch, K. (Bonn U.) ; Eleftheriadis, C. (Aristotle U., Thessaloniki) ; Fanourakis, G. (Democritos Nucl. Res. Ctr.) ; Ferrer-Ribas, E. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Fischer, H. (Freiburg U.) ; Garć ia, J.A. (Patras U.) ; Gardikiotis, A. (Patras U.) ; Garza, J.G. (Zaragoza U.) ; Gazis, E.N. (Natl. Tech. U., Athens) ; Geralis, T. (Democritos Nucl. Res. Ctr.) ; Giomataris, I. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Gninenko, S. (Moscow, INR) ; Hailey, C.J. (Columbia U.) ; Hasinoff, M.D. (British Columbia U.) ; Hoffmann, D.H.H. (Darmstadt, Tech. U.) ; Iguaz, F.J. (Zaragoza U.) ; Irastorza, Igor Garcia (Zaragoza U.) ; Jakobsen, A. (Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Jacoby, J. (Frankfurt U.) ; Jakovčí c, K. (Boskovic Inst., Zagreb) ; Kaminski, J. (Bonn U.) ; Karuza, M. (INFN, Trieste ; Trieste U.) ; Kralj, N. (Boskovic Inst., Zagreb) ; Krčmar, M. (Boskovic Inst., Zagreb) ; Kostoglou, S. (CERN) ; Krieger, Ch. (Bonn U.) ; Lakić, B. (Boskovic Inst., Zagreb) ; Laurent, J.M. (CERN) ; Liolios, A. (Aristotle U., Thessaloniki) ; Ljubičić, A. (Boskovic Inst., Zagreb) ; Luzón, G. (Zaragoza U.) ; Maroudas, M. (Patras U.) ; Miceli, L. (IBS, Daejeon, CAPP) ; Neff, S. (Darmstadt, Tech. U.) ; Ortega, I. (Zaragoza U.) ; Papaevangelou, T. (IRFU, Saclay) ; Paraschou, K. (Aristotle U., Thessaloniki) ; Pivovaroff, M.J. (LLNL, Livermore) ; Raffelt, G. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Rosu, M. (LLNL, Livermore) ; Ruz, J. (LLNL, Livermore) ; Ruiz Chóliz, E. (Zaragoza U.) ; Savvidis, I. (Aristotle U., Thessaloniki) ; Schmidt, S. (Bonn U.) ; Semertzidis, Y.K. (IBS, Daejeon, CAPP) ; Solanki, S.K. (CERN) ; Stewart, L. (CERN) ; Vafeiadis, T. (CERN) ; Vogel, J.K. (LLNL, Livermore) ; Yildiz, S.C. (Patras U.) ; Zioutas, K. (Patras U.)
Publication	2017-05-01
Imprint	2017-05-05
Number of pages	8
Note	Second version after referees comments (post-print). Published version available Open Access at https://www.nature.com/articles/nphys4109
In:	Nature Phys. 13 (2017) 584-590
DOI	10.1038/nphys4109
Subject category	physics.ins-det ; Detectors and Experimental Techniques ; hep-ex ; Particle Physics - Experiment
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	CAST
Abstract	During 2003--2015, the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) has searched for $a\to\gamma$ conversion in the 9 T magnetic field of a refurbished LHC test magnet that can be directed toward the Sun. In its final phase of solar axion searches (2013--2015), CAST has returned to evacuated magnet pipes, which is optimal for small axion masses. The absence of a significant signal above background provides a world leading limit of $g_{a\gamma} < 0.66 \times 10^{-10} {\rm GeV}^{-1}$ (95% C.L.) on the axion-photon coupling strength for $m_a \lesssim 0.02$ eV. Compared with the first vacuum phase (2003--2004), the sensitivity was vastly increased with low-background x-ray detectors and a new x-ray telescope. These innovations also serve as pathfinders for a possible next-generation axion helioscope.
Copyright/License	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (License: arXiv nonexclusive-distrib. 1.0)

$\GGR{Sketch of the CAST helioscope at CERN to search for solar axions. These hypothetical low-mass bosons are produced in the Sun by Primakoff scattering on charged particles and converted back to x-rays in the $B$-field of an LHC test magnet. The two straight conversion pipes have a cross section of 14.5~cm$^2$ each. The magnet can move by $\pm8^\circ$ vertically and $\pm40^\circ$ horizontally, enough to follow the Sun for about 1.5~h at dawn and dusk with opposite ends. Separate detection systems can search for axions at sunrise and sunset, respectively. The sunrise system is equipped with an x-ray telescope (XRT) to focus the signal on a small detector area, strongly increasing signal-to-noise. Our new results were achieved thanks to an XRT specifically built for CAST and improved low-noise x-ray detectors.}$ $CAST excluded region \IGI{(95\%~C.L.)} in the $m_a$--$g_{a\gamma}$--plane. {\em Solid black line:\/} Envelope of all CAST results from 2003--2011 data \cite{Zioutas:2004hi,Andriamonje:2007ew,Arik:2008mq, Arik:2011rx, Arik:2013nya, Arik:2015cjv}. {\em Solid red line:\/} Exclusion from the data here presented. {\em Diagonal yellow band:\/} Typical QCD axion models (upper and lower bounds set according to a prescription given in Ref.~\cite{DiLuzio:2016sbl}). {\em Diagonal green line:\/} The benchmark KSVZ axion model with $E/N=0$, where $g_{a\gamma}=(E/N-1.92)\,\alpha/(2\pi f_a)$ with $f_a$ the axion decay constant.$ $\IGI{2D hitmap of events detected in the sunrise detector in a typical in-situ calibration run (left), as well as in the background (middle) and tracking (right) data (both K and L data sets \IGI{of Table~\ref{tab:datasets}}). The calibration is performed with an x-ray source placed $\sim$12~m away (at the sunset side of the magnet). The contours in the calibration run represent the 95\%, 85\% and 68\% signal-encircling regions from ray-trace simulations, taking into account the source size and distance. In the tracking and background plots, grey full circles represent events that pass all detector cuts but that are in coincidence with the muon vetoes, and therefore rejected. Black open circles represent final counts. Closed contours indicate the 99\%, 95\%, 85\% and 68\% signal-encircling regions out of detailed ray-trace simulations of the XRT plus spatial resolution of the detector. The large circle represents the region of detector exposed to daily energy calibration.}$ Show more plots

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