The ALICE TPC, a large 3-dimensional tracking device with fast readout for ultra-high multiplicity events

Alme, J.; Engster, C.; Kalweit, A.; Helstrup, H.; Musa, L.; Rehman, A.; Wiechula, J.; Soltveit, H.K.; Munkejord, M.; Rybicki, A.; Gustafsson, H.A.; Mager, M.; Hoch, M.; Lippmann, C.; Fehlker, D.; Nielsen, B.S.; Junique, A.; Bonnes, U.; Siska, M.; Kowalski, M.; Strmen, P.; Oeschler, H.; Kniege, S.; Szarka, I.; Olsen, E.K.; Windelband, B.; Gros, P.; Foka, Y.; Appelshauser, H.; Larsen, D.T.; Glassel, P.; Frankenfeld, U.; Lindegaard, N.; Bramm, R.; Osterman, L.; Gonzalez Gutierrez, C.; Vranic, D.; Renfordt, R.; Stenlund, E.; Pikna, M.; Rohrich, D.; Lenoir, P.; Nikolic, V.; Janik, R.; Westergaard, J.; Soegaard, C.; Roed, K.; Andres, Y.; Rueshmann, G.; Garabatos, C.; Sitar, B.; Bolgen, R.; Ullaland, K.; Christiansen, P.; Ivanov, M.; Bablok, S.; Matyja, A.; Soyk, D.; Renault, G.; Stock, R.; Sann, H.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Stachel, J.; Oskarsson, A.; Stelzer, H.; Dobrin, A.; Mast, M.; Veenhof, R.; Rossegger, S.; Schmidt, H.R.; Campagnolo, R.; Gaardhoje, J.J.; Bialas, N.; Richter, M.; Lesenechal, Y.; Keidel, R.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2010.04.042

Article
Report number	arXiv:1001.1950
Title	The ALICE TPC, a large 3-dimensional tracking device with fast readout for ultra-high multiplicity events
Author(s)	Alme, J. (Bergen U.) ; Andres, Y. (CERN) ; Appelshauser, H. (Frankfurt U., FIAS) ; Bablok, S. (Bergen U.) ; Bialas, N. (Bergen U.) ; Bolgen, R. (Bergen U.) ; Bonnes, U. (Darmstadt, Tech. Hochsch.) ; Bramm, R. (Darmstadt, GSI) ; Braun-Munzinger, P. (Darmstadt, Tech. Hochsch. ; Darmstadt, GSI ; Darmstadt, EMMI ; Frankfurt U., Inst. Kernphys.) ; Campagnolo, R. (CERN) ; Christiansen, P. (Lund U.) ; Dobrin, A. (Lund U.) ; Engster, C. (CERN) ; Fehlker, D. (Bergen U.) ; Foka, Y. (Darmstadt, GSI) ; Frankenfeld, U. (Darmstadt, GSI) ; Gaardhoje, J.J. (Copenhagen U.) ; Garabatos, C. (Darmstadt, GSI) ; Glassel, P. (Heidelberg U.) ; Gonzalez Gutierrez, C. (CERN) ; Gros, P. (Lund U.) ; Gustafsson, H.A. (Lund U.) ; Helstrup, H. (Bergen U.) ; Hoch, M. (CERN) ; Ivanov, M. (Darmstadt, GSI) ; Janik, R. (Comenius U.) ; Junique, A. (CERN) ; Kalweit, A. (Darmstadt, Tech. Hochsch.) ; Keidel, R. (Fachhochsch., Worms) ; Kniege, S. (Frankfurt U., FIAS) ; Kowalski, M. (Cracow, INP) ; Larsen, D.T. (Bergen U.) ; Lesenechal, Y. (CERN) ; Lenoir, P. (CERN) ; Lindegaard, N. (Copenhagen U.) ; Lippmann, C. (CERN) ; Mager, M. (CERN) ; Mast, M. (CERN) ; Matyja, A. (Cracow, INP) ; Munkejord, M. (Bergen U.) ; Musa, L. (CERN) ; Nielsen, B.S. (Copenhagen U.) ; Nikolic, V. (Boskovic Inst., Zagreb) ; Oeschler, H. (Darmstadt, Tech. Hochsch.) ; Olsen, E.K. (Copenhagen U.) ; Oskarsson, A. (Lund U.) ; Osterman, L. (Lund U.) ; Pikna, M. (Comenius U.) ; Rehman, A. (CERN) ; Renault, G. (Copenhagen U.) ; Renfordt, R. (Frankfurt U., FIAS) ; Rossegger, S. (CERN) ; Rohrich, D. (Bergen U.) ; Roed, K. (Bergen U.) ; Richter, M. (Bergen U.) ; Rueshmann, G. (Frankfurt U., FIAS) ; Rybicki, A. (Cracow, INP) ; Sann, H. (Darmstadt, GSI) ; Schmidt, H.R. (Darmstadt, GSI) ; Siska, M. (Comenius U.) ; Sitar, B. (Comenius U.) ; Soegaard, C. (Copenhagen U.) ; Soltveit, H.K. (Heidelberg U.) ; Soyk, D. (Darmstadt, GSI) ; Stachel, J. (Heidelberg U.) ; Stelzer, H. (Darmstadt, GSI) ; Stenlund, E. (Lund U.) ; Stock, R. (Frankfurt U., FIAS) ; Strmen, P. (Comenius U.) ; Szarka, I. (Comenius U.) ; Ullaland, K. (Bergen U.) ; Vranic, D. (Darmstadt, GSI) ; Veenhof, R. (CERN) ; Westergaard, J. (Copenhagen U.) ; Wiechula, J. (Heidelberg U.) ; Windelband, B. (Heidelberg U.)
Publication	2010
Imprint	13 Jan 2010
Number of pages	56
Note	Comments: 55 pages, 82 figures 55 pages, 82 figures
In:	Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A 622 (2010) 316-367
DOI	10.1016/j.nima.2010.04.042
Subject category	Detectors and Experimental Techniques
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	CERN LHC ; ALICE
Abstract	The design, construction, and commissioning of the ALICE Time-Projection Chamber (TPC) is described. It is the main device for pattern recognition, tracking, and identification of charged particles in the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. The TPC is cylindrical in shape with a volume close to 90 m^3 and is operated in a 0.5 T solenoidal magnetic field parallel to its axis. In this paper we describe in detail the design considerations for this detector for operation in the extreme multiplicity environment of central Pb--Pb collisions at LHC energy. The implementation of the resulting requirements into hardware (field cage, read-out chambers, electronics), infrastructure (gas and cooling system, laser-calibration system), and software led to many technical innovations which are described along with a presentation of all the major components of the detector, as currently realized. We also report on the performance achieved after completion of the first round of stand-alone calibration runs and demonstrate results close to those specified in the TPC Technical Design Report.
Copyright/License	arXiv nonexclusive-distrib. 1.0, CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0