Hiperseksualnost
Hiperseksualnost | |
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Klasifikacija i vanjski resursi |
Hiperseksualnost je nagli porast ili ekstremna učestalost u libida ili seksualne aktivnosti. Iako se hiperseksualnost može dogoditi zbog nekih medicinskih problema i konzumiranja nekih lijekova, u većini slučajeva uzrok nije poznat. Zdravstveni poremećaji poput bipolarnog poremećaja mogu dovesti do hiperseksualnosti,[1] a upotreba alkohola i nekih ovisničkih tvari može uticati na seksualno ponašanje nekih ljudi.
Različiti teorijski modeli korišteni su za objašnjenje ili liječenje hiperseksualnosti. Najčešći, posebno u medijima, je pristup koji hiperseksualnost predstavlja kao ovisnost, ali seksolozi nisu postigli konsenzus. Postoje alternativna objašnjenja poput opsesivnog ili/i kompulzivnog ponašanja.
Klinička slika
[uredi | uredi izvor]Hiperseksualnost karakterizira česta vizualna stimulacija zbog koje pojedinac povećava svoju prirodnu seksualnost do pogoršanja. To uzrokuje da se genitalno samostimulira i dostigne orgazam ili eskalira do većih stupnjeva zadovoljstva. Hiperseksualnost se može očitovati kod pojedinaca koji su u djetinjstvu ili adolescenciji bili seksualno represirani, ili kod starijih osoba koje, uslijed gubitka seksualne snažnosti, žele zadržati libido konzumiranjem pornografije.
Ponekad je hiperseksualnost praćena osjećajima nelagode i krivice. Smatra se da je ovo nezadovoljstvo ono koje podstiče visoku učestalost seksualne stimulacije, kao i dodatne psihološke i psihijatrijske simptome.[2] Drugi način na koji se hiperseksualnost očituje je kada dođe do raskida veze koja je pretežno seksualna; napuštena osoba nesvjesno traži izgubljenog partnera u drugim seksualnim partnerima i na taj način dolazi do ovisnosti o seksu.
Hiperseksualci mogu imati problema na poslu, porodici, ekonomskih i socijalnih problema. Njihova seksualna želja tjera ih da često odlaze u kupleraj, kupuju pornografsku literaturu i filmove, pretražuju stranice o seksu na internetu, upućuju česte pozive na erotske linije, traže kontakt seks kroz izlaske „naslijepo“, prepuštanje povremenom seksu sa strancima, seksu sa životinjama (zoofilija), itd. Takvi sve čine da se njihov život vrti oko seksa.
Nimfomanija i satirijaza
[uredi | uredi izvor]Koncept hiperseksualnosti zamjenjuje stare koncepte "nimfomanije" (maternični bijes) i "satirijaze". Nimfomanija se smatrala isključivo ženskim psihološkim poremećajem koji je karakterizirao vrlo aktivni libido i opsesija seksom. U muškaraca se poremećaj zvao satirijaza, a osoba koja je patila od njega zvala se satir ili satirika (da se ne miješa sa satirom).
Trenutačno se termini „nimfomanija“ i „satirijaza“ ne pojavljuju kao specifični poremećaji u Dijagnostičkom i statističkom priručniku (DSM-IV), iako se i dalje se pojavljuju u Međunarodnoj klasifikaciji bolesti (ICD-10).[3]
Kada točno neko ponašanje prerasta u hiperseksualnost je predmet diskusija, a kritičari dovode u pitanje postojanje dijagnostičkog praga. S obzirom da se seksualna želja znatno razlikuje od pojedinca do pojedinca, ono što će jedna osoba smatrati normalnom seksualnom željom druga će osoba ocijeniti kao pretjeranu, a treća kao nisku.
Konsenzus onih koji hiperseksualnost smatraju poremećajem je da se prag prelazi kada ponašanje postaje štetno po osobu; narušava normalno društveno funkcioniranje i izaziva nelagodu.
Hiperseksualnost se takođe manifestuje kod zdravih pojedinaca i javlja se za kratka perioda u kojima testosteron ili estradiol ispoljavaju maksimalne razine. Hiperseksualnost se može izraziti i kod osoba koje imaju bipolarni poremećaj tokom perioda manije. Osobe sa bipolarnim poremećajem mogu neprestano doživljavati ogromne varijacije u libidu, ovisno o njihovom raspoloženju. Ponekad je ta psihološka potreba za seksualnom aktivnošću mnogo veća od one koja se smatra normalnom, a ponekad je i znatno manja.
Također pogledajte
[uredi | uredi izvor]Reference
[uredi | uredi izvor]- ^ "About.com Trastorno bipolar". Arhivirano s originala, 6. 9. 2015. Pristupljeno 7. 8. 2020.
- ^ "Arhivirana kopija". Arhivirano s originala, 29. 11. 2018. Pristupljeno 7. 8. 2020.CS1 održavanje: arhivirana kopija u naslovu (link)
- ^ "2017/18 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code F52.8. Other sexual dysfunction not due to a substance or known physiological condition". ICD-10. 2017.
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