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Article
Title	Bunch Luminosity Variations in LHC Run 2
Related title	BUNCH LUMINOSITY VARIATIONS IN LHC RUN 2
Author(s)	Efthymiopoulos, Ilias (CERN) ; Fartoukh, Stephane D (CERN) ; Iadarola, Giovanni (CERN) ; Karastathis, Nikolaos (CERN) ; Papadopoulou, Stefania (CERN) ; Papaphilippou, Yannis (CERN)
Publication	Geneva : JACoW, 2021
Number of pages	4
In:	JACoW IPAC 2021 (2021) 4094-4097
In:	12th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 2021), Online, 24 - 28 May 2021, pp.4094-4097
DOI	10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-THPAB172 (publication)
Subject category	Accelerators and Storage Rings
Abstract	The LHC is designed to collide intense bunches of protons with tightly defined conditions, aimed to maximize the delivered recorded integrated luminosity to the experiments. One of these conditions is the maximum level of bunch-to-bunch fluctuation in the luminosity, in particular when levelling at maximum acceptable event rate at the experiments. Analysis results of the bunch-to-bunch luminosity variations in LHC Run 2 are presented here. In particular, the observed correlations with the LHC filling pattern that can enhance the effects introducing bunch-dependent losses or emittance blow-up from injection to collisions are discussed. In Run 2 conditions, bunch-by-bunch luminosity fluctuations reached 10% at the start of collisions and gradually increased with time, without affecting the experiments as the luminosity was not levelled. Projections for Run 3 and HL-LHC operation are discussed along with envisaged mitigation measures.
Copyright/License	publication: © 2021 (License: CC-BY-3.0)

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