榜樣

榜樣是指若某個人的行為值得被其他人或經常被其他人尤其是年輕人所效仿，那麼這個人就是榜樣。^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]例如有許多年輕粉絲崇拜體育明星、娛樂明星並經常模仿他們的一舉一動。

一個國家有時候也可以是其他國家的榜樣，例如19世紀上半葉智利政治人物和知識分子把法國作為榜樣，不過後來智利人又把德國作為榜樣。 ^[5]

對職業的影響

根據歷史學家Pamela Laird的說法，榜樣可能會對個人的職業道路產生相當大的影響。Pamela Laird表示，班傑明·富蘭克林是許多19世紀白人商人的榜樣。 ^[6]

名人榜樣

根據英國的一項調查，英國年輕人經常將體育明星作為榜樣，其次是流行歌星。 ^[7]

參考文獻

^ Role model. Dictionary.com. Random House, Inc. 2013. [25 January 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-24）.
^ Kaufman, Michael T. Robert K. Merton, Versatile Sociologist and Father of the Focus Group, Dies at 92. New York Times. [25 January 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2022-04-08）.
^ Calhoun, Craig J. (編). Robert K. Merton: Sociology of Science and Sociology as Science. New York: Columbia UP. 2010. ISBN 978-0-231-15112-2.
^ Gerald Holton. Robert K. Merton - Biographical Memoirs (PDF). Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 4 December 2004, 148 (4): 506–517 [2007-08-07]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2007-08-11）. He developed a theory of the reference group (i.e., the group to which individuals compare themselves, which is not necessarily a group to which those individuals belong), and elaborated on the concepts of in-group and out-group
^ Sanhueza, Carlos. http://publications.iai.spk-berlin.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/Document_derivate_00000510/BIA%20146%20Sanhueza.pdf |chapterurl=缺少標題 (幫助) (PDF). Ideas viajeras y sus objetos. El intercambio científico entre Alemania y América austral. Madrid–Frankfurt am Main: Iberoamericana–Vervuert. 2011: 29–40 [2022-12-28]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-12-21）（西班牙語）.
^ Laird, Pamela Walker. Pull: Networking and Success since Benjamin Franklin. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 2006. ISBN 9780674025530.
^ The Beckhams are the celebrities most children aspire to be, as celebrity culture increases its influence, says ATL. Association of Teachers and Lecturers. 14 March 2008 [February 21, 2011]. （原始內容存檔於28 September 2011）.

[1] Role model. Dictionary.com. Random House, Inc. 2013. [25 January 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-24）.

[Kaufman,_Michael_T.-2] Kaufman, Michael T. Robert K. Merton, Versatile Sociologist and Father of the Focus Group, Dies at 92. New York Times. [25 January 2014]. （原始內容存檔於2022-04-08）.

[Calhoun,_Craig_J.-3] Calhoun, Craig J. (編). Robert K. Merton: Sociology of Science and Sociology as Science. New York: Columbia UP. 2010. ISBN 978-0-231-15112-2.

[Holton_2004-4] Gerald Holton. Robert K. Merton - Biographical Memoirs (PDF). Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 4 December 2004, 148 (4): 506–517 [2007-08-07]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2007-08-11）. He developed a theory of the reference group (i.e., the group to which individuals compare themselves, which is not necessarily a group to which those individuals belong), and elaborated on the concepts of in-group and out-group

[Carlos2011-5] Sanhueza, Carlos. http://publications.iai.spk-berlin.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/Document_derivate_00000510/BIA%20146%20Sanhueza.pdf |chapterurl=缺少標題 (幫助) (PDF). Ideas viajeras y sus objetos. El intercambio científico entre Alemania y América austral. Madrid–Frankfurt am Main: Iberoamericana–Vervuert. 2011: 29–40 [2022-12-28]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-12-21）（西班牙語）.

[Laird,_Pamela_Walker-6] Laird, Pamela Walker. Pull: Networking and Success since Benjamin Franklin. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 2006. ISBN 9780674025530.

[7] The Beckhams are the celebrities most children aspire to be, as celebrity culture increases its influence, says ATL. Association of Teachers and Lecturers. 14 March 2008 [February 21, 2011]. （原始內容存檔於28 September 2011）.

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