Memento mori
外观
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Memento mori(拉丁语词组,意思为“勿忘你终有一死”[2])是中世纪西方基督教对必死性之反思的理论及实践,尤其是作为一种思索尘世之虚幻和一切物质与和世俗工作之短暂的方式。它经常和死亡艺术(拉丁语:ars moriendi)及类似文学相提并论。“Memento mori”成为了禁欲主义的一条重要戒律,借此培养超脱和其他美德、将精力转移到灵魂不死与死后的世界,来完善人格。[3]
在艺术中,“memento mori”(台湾译“死亡象征”[4])是提醒人固有一死的艺术性和象征性的话语。[2]在欧洲基督教语境中,“‘Memento mori’这一表述随着基督教的壮大而发展,它强调了天国、地狱,以及死后的灵魂救赎。”[5]
翻译
[编辑]在拉丁语中,“Memento”是“meminī”的将来祈使式的主动语态的第二人称单数形式,意思是“记住”,通常带有警告的语气“记住!”。“Mori”是异态动词“morior”的现在不定式的主动语态,意思是“死去”。[6]
换言之,其意思为“记住死亡”(remember death)或“记住你会死亡”(remember that you will die)。[7]
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Campbell, Lorne. Van der Weyden. London: Chaucer Press, 2004. 89. ISBN 1-904449-24-7
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Literally 'remember (that you have) to die' (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition, June 2001.
- ^ 见Jeremy Taylor《Holy Living and Holy Dying》。
- ^ 死亡象征 memento mori (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)-国家教育研究院
- ^ Final Farewell: The Culture of Death and the Afterlife. Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri. [13 January 2015]. (原始内容存档于2010-06-06).
- ^ Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, ss.vv.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition, s.v.
外部链接
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维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源:Memento mori
- Apologeticus (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- Memento mori and vanitas elements in the funerary art at St. John's Co-Cathedral, Valletta, Malta (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), an article on memento mori and ars moriendi appearing in the journal Treasures of Malta, December 2004
- Memento Mori, an article appearing on the website of the Museum of Art and Archaeology
- Several articles on this topic at the Matheson Trust Library. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
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