狐屬
外觀
狐屬 化石時期:[1]
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科學分類 | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
綱: | 哺乳綱 Mammalia |
目: | 食肉目 Carnivora |
科: | 犬科 Canidae |
亞科: | 犬亞科 Caninae |
族: | 狐族 Vulpini |
屬: | 狐屬 Vulpes Frisch, 1775 |
模式種 | |
赤狐 Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus, 1758
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種 | |
見正文 | |
異名 | |
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狐屬(學名:Vulpes)是犬科動物下的一個屬,其中包括的各種「真」狐狸,其他屬也有一些種類被稱為「狐」的。
狐屬動物和犬科其他動物相比,如狼、郊狼、黑背豺等,體形要小一些,顱骨較平坦,尾巴尖端毛的顏色和尾巴其他部分有區別,行動敏捷,所以在人們的印象中狐屬動物都比較狡猾。 [2]
北極狐有時會被單獨列為一個北極狐屬(Alopex)[1][3]。
下屬物種
[編輯]本屬包括以下物種:
- Vulpes alopecoides Forsyth Major, 1877
- Vulpes angustidens Thenius, 1954
- Vulpes beihaiensis Qiu & Tedford, 1990
- 孟加拉狐 Vulpes bengalensis (Shaw, 1800)
- 阿富汗狐 Vulpes cana Blanford, 1877
- 南非狐 Vulpes chama (A.Smith, 1833)
- Vulpes chikushanensis Young, 1930
- 沙狐 Vulpes corsac (Linnaeus, 1768)
- Vulpes ferilata Frisch, 1775
- 藏狐 Vulpes ferrilata Hodgson, 1842
- Vulpes flavescens Gray, 1843
- Vulpes galaticus Ginsburg, 1998
- Vulpes hassani Geraads, 2011
- Vulpes ichnusae Miller, 1907
- Vulpes indutus Miller, 1907
- Vulpes kernensis Tedford et al., 2009
- 北極狐 Vulpes lagopus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 敏狐 Vulpes macrotis Merriam, 1888
- Vulpes mathisoni Geraads, Drapeau, Bobe & Fleagle, 2013[4]
- Vulpes minimus Skjöldebrand, 1777
- 蒼狐 Vulpes pallida (Cretzschmar, 1826)
- Vulpes praecorsac Kormos, 1932
- Vulpes praeglacialis (Kormos, 1932)
- Vulpes qiuzhudingi Wang, Tseng, Li, Takeuchi & Xie, 2014[5]
- Vulpes riffautae Bonis et al., 2007
- Vulpes rooki Bartolini Lucenti, 2021
- 大耳沙狐 Vulpes rueppellii (Schinz, 1825)
- Vulpes stenognathus Savage, 1941
- 草原狐 Vulpes velox (Say, 1823)
- Vulpes vulgaris Oken, 1816
- 赤狐 Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 耳廓狐 Vulpes zerda (Zimmermann, 1780)
- 歸入本屬的物種:
- Alopex praeglacialis Kaup, 1829
- Fennecus arabicus Desmarest, 1804
注釋
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Wozencraft, W.C. Order Carnivora. Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (編). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005: 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. LCCN 2005001870. OCLC 62265494. NLC 001238428.
- ^ Macdonald, David. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. 1984: 31. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.
- ^ Bininda-Emonds, ORP; JL Gittleman, A Purvis. Building large trees by combining phylogenetic information: a complete phylogeny of the extant Carnivora (Mammalia) (PDF). Biol. Rev. 1999, 74 (2): 143–175 [2008-07-30]. PMID 10396181. doi:10.1017/S0006323199005307. [永久失效連結]
- ^ Denis Geraads, Michelle S. M. Drapeau, René Bobe & John G. Fleagle (2015) Vulpes mathisoni, sp. nov., a new fox from the Pliocene Mursi Formation of southern Ethiopia and its contribution to the origin of African foxes, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 35:4, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2014.943765
- ^ Xiaoming Wang, Zhijie Jack Tseng, Qiang Li, Gary T. Takeuchi and Guangpu Xie. 2014. From 『Third Pole’ to North Pole: a Himalayan Origin for the Arctic Fox. Proc. R. Soc. B. 281(1787). doi: dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0893