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TLR9

维基百科,自由的百科全书
Toll-like receptor 9
标识
代号 TLR9; CD289
扩展标识 遗传学605474 鼠基因1932389 同源基因68126 ChEMBL: 5804 GeneCards: TLR9 Gene
直系同源体
物种 人类 小鼠
Entrez 54106 81897
Ensembl ENSG00000239732 ENSMUSG00000045322
UniProt Q9NR96 Q9EQU3
mRNA序列 NM_017442 NM_031178
蛋白序列 NP_059138 NP_112455
基因位置 Chr 3:
52.22 – 52.23 Mb
Chr 9:
106.22 – 106.23 Mb
PubMed查询 [1] [2]

Toll样受体9(英語:Toll-like receptor 9)是由人类基因 TLR9 编码的蛋白质[1],也被称为CD289分化簇289,cluster of differentiation 289),是Toll样受体(TLR)家族的成员。

功能

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TLR家族的受体在病原识别与先天免疫的激活中起着基础作用。TLRs are named for the high degree of conservation in structure and function seen between mammalian TLRs and the Drosophila transmembrane protein Toll. TLRs是呈現在細胞表面和胞內間室的跨膜蛋白,用以識別病原體呈現的病原相关分子模式(Pathogen-associated molecular patterns,PAMPs),然後啟動製造先天获得性免疫所需的细胞因子的信號。 The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. 这一基因通常表达于富含免疫细胞的组织,比如淋巴结骨髓等。研究指出,在小鼠和人中的TLR9受体可响应细菌DNA中的未甲基化的CpG寡脱氧核苷酸序列来激活先天免疫应答[2]

TLR9可以识别DNA分子中的未甲基化CpG序列CpG位点在脊椎动物非常稀少(~1%),但在细菌或病毒基因组中很丰富。TLR9在免疫系统的多种细胞中有表达,如B淋巴细胞单核细胞自然杀伤细胞(NK)浆细胞样树突状细胞。TLR9表达于细胞内,是核内体的组分之一,其功能为当细菌或病毒感染时结合其DNA上的富CpG基序来改变免疫系统的状态。TLR9的信号会导致细胞启动炎症反应,并分泌相关细胞因子,如I型干扰素IL-12等。

临床意义

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There are new immunomodulatory treatments undergoing testing which involve the administration of artificial DNA oligonucleotides containing the CpG motif. CpG DNA has applications in treating allergies such as asthma,[3] immunostimulation against cancer,[4] immunostimulation against pathogens, and as adjuvants in vaccines.[5]

蛋白质相互作用

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Du X, Poltorak A, Wei Y, Beutler B. Three novel mammalian toll-like receptors: gene structure, expression, and evolution. Eur Cytokine Netw. Dec 2000, 11 (3): 362–71. PMID 11022119. 
  2. ^ Entrez Gene: TLR9 toll-like receptor 9. 
  3. ^ Kline JN. Eat dirt: CpG DNA and immunomodulation of asthma. Proc Am Thorac Soc. July 2007, 4 (3): 283–8. PMC 2647631可免费查阅. PMID 17607014. doi:10.1513/pats.200701-019AW. 
  4. ^ Thompson JA, Kuzel T, Bukowski R, Masciari F, Schmalbach T. Phase Ib trial of a targeted TLR9 CpG immunomodulator (CPG 7909) in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2004 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings (Post-Meeting Edition). July 2004, 22 (14S) [2016-01-14]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-08). 
  5. ^ Klinman DM. Adjuvant activity of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Int. Rev. Immunol. 2006, 25 (3-4): 135–54. PMID 16818369. doi:10.1080/08830180600743057. 
  6. ^ Chuang TH, Ulevitch RJ. Triad3A, an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase regulating Toll-like receptors. Nat. Immunol. May 2004, 5 (5): 495–502. PMID 15107846. doi:10.1038/ni1066. 

延伸阅读

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外部链接

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