沙姆解放組織
外观
沙姆解放組織 | |
---|---|
هيئة تحرير الشام | |
領導人 | |
活躍期 | 2017年1月28日—至今 |
效忠於 | 叙利亚救国政府[6][7][8] |
总部 | 敘利亞伊德利卜省 |
活跃地区 | 叙利亚 黎巴嫩 (至2017年8月) |
意識形態 | 遜尼派伊斯蘭主義 |
人數 | ~31,000 (預計2017年)[10] 15,000–30,000 (est. 2018)[11][12] 12,000–15,000 (est. 2020)[13] |
隸屬於 | 統一軍事委員會(伊德利卜) 法塔赫穆賓 |
盟友 | 國家盟友:
非國家盟友:
|
對手 | 國家對手
非國家對手
|
戰役、戰爭 | 敘利亞內戰 |
沙姆解放組織(阿拉伯语:هيئة تحرير الشام)是叙利亚内战中一個活躍的武裝團體,於2017年1月28日由恐怖組織征服沙姆陣線與其它一些反政府武裝團體合併而成[27]。沙姆解放組織在成立初期有31,000人兵力,其中約18,000人來自征服沙姆陣線[10],其後有更多團體加入沙姆解放組織,兵力增加至50,000人[28],一些評論員認為沙姆解放組織是現時敘利亞境內單一最大的反巴沙爾政府武裝團體[29]。
原征服沙姆陣線頭目阿布·穆罕默德·約拉尼擔任沙姆解放組織的軍事領導人[30]。沙姆解放組織與征服沙姆陣線關係密切,而伊朗政府則宣稱卡塔尔和沙特阿拉伯支援沙姆解放組織。[31]
被定性为恐怖组织
[编辑]国家 | 时间 | 参考 |
美国 | 2017年3月11日 | [32][33] |
加拿大 | 2018年5月23日 | [34] |
土耳其 | 2018年8月31日 | [35] |
英国 | [36] |
參考文獻
[编辑]- ^ 引用错误:没有为名为
jaber
的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 2.0 2.1 Julani is a temporary leader of the "Liberation of the Sham" .. This is the fate of its former leader. HuffPost. 2017-10-02 [2017-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-02).
- ^ Joscelyn, Thomas. Al Qaeda and allies announce 'new entity' in Syria. Long War Journal. Foundation for Defense of Democracies. 2017-01-28 [2017-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2017-05-29).
- ^ 引用错误:没有为名为
war
的参考文献提供内容 - ^ A prominent Tahrir al-Sham commander killed in southern Idlib (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Islamic World News
- ^ Aymen Jawad al-Tamimi. From Jabhat al-Nusra to Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham: Evolution, Approach and Future (PDF). Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung and Al-Nahrain Center for Strategic Studies. 2018 [2018-07-19]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-19).
- ^ Enab Baladi. Who Will Lead Idleb's New 'Salvation Government?'. Syrian Observer. 2017-11-09 [2019-08-21]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-21).
- ^ Studies, Middle East, politics, GCC, Iran, Syria, Iraq, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Nuclear deal, Yemen, Trump, MENA, Turkey, Gulf Crisis, Qatar, Future for Advanced Research and. Cloning Chaos Why National Salvation Governments Fail in the Arab Region. مركز المستقبل. [2021-10-07]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-04).
- ^ Ghanmi, Elyès; Punzet, Agnieszka. The involvement of Salafism/Wahhabism in the support and supply of arms to rebel groups around the world (PDF). European Parliament. 2013-06-11 [2017-01-29]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-06-24).
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Rida, Nazeer. Syria: Surfacing of 'Hai'at Tahrir al-Sham' Threatens Truce. Asharq Al-Awsat. 2017-01-30. (原始内容存档于2017-02-15). 引用错误:带有name属性“surfacing”的
<ref>
标签用不同内容定义了多次 - ^ Reality Check team. Syria: Who's in control of Idlib?. BBC News. 2019-06-22 [2019-07-25]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-27).
- ^ Joe Macaron. A confrontation in Idlib remains inevitable. Al-Jazeera. 2018-10-17 [2018-10-27]. (原始内容存档于2018-10-27).
- ^ Zulfiqar Ali. Syria: Who's in control of Idlib?. BBC News. 2020-02-18 [2020-03-10]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-27).
- ^ Key characteristics of Turkish use of Syrian armed proxies | Strategies of Turkish proxy warfare in northern Syria. clingendael.org. [2021-10-07]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-20).
- ^ Tarkhan's Jamaat (Katiba İbad ar-Rahman) Fighting In Hama Alongside Muslim Shishani. Chechens in Syria. 2018-01-29 [2018-02-04]. (原始内容存档于2018-02-04).
- ^ Al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad. The Factions of North Latakia. Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi. [2018-09-21]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-21).
- ^ More Detailed Information & Interview With Newly-Formed Tatar Group Junud Al-Makhdi Whose Amir Trained In North Caucasus With Khattab. 2016-07-03 [2016-09-01]. (原始内容存档于2016-09-06).
- ^ Foreign jihadists advertise role in Latakia fighting - The Long War Journal. [2016-09-01]. (原始内容存档于2016-09-15).
- ^ Malhama Tactical, The Fanatics Tactical Guru!. The Firearm Blog. 2016-12-12 [2017-01-29]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-02).
- ^ Caleb Weiss. New Uighur jihadist group emerges in Syria. Long War Journal. 2018-01-18 [2018-01-19]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-19).
- ^ correspondent, Bethan McKernan Middle East. Turkish soldiers killed as battle for control of Idlib escalates. 2020-02-03 [2021-10-07]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-20) –通过www.theguardian.com.
- ^ #Syria, Homs – Div Liwa Rijal Allah joins Harakat Tahrir Homs. Yalla Souriya. 2016-04-09 [2018-02-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-12).
- ^ The Moderate Rebels: A Growing List of Vetted Groups Fielding BGM-71 TOW Anti-Tank Guided Missiles. Hasan Mustafa. 2015-05-08 [2018-02-24]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-02).
- ^ Idlib Faces a Fearsome Future: Islamist Rule or Mass Murder. [2019-09-22]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-20).
- ^ هجوم مباغت لهيئة تحرير الشام في ريف حلب يسفر عن مقتل 10 عناصر من ميليشيا النجباء العراقية. 2017-09-12 [2019-08-21]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-10).
- ^ Nour e-Din a-Zinki defects from HTS, citing unwillingness to end rebel infighting. Syria Direct. 2017-07-20 [2017-07-21]. (原始内容存档于2017-07-25).
- ^ Monitoring, B. B. C. Tahrir al-Sham: Al-Qaeda's latest incarnation in Syria. BBC. 2017-02-12 [2017-06-24]. (原始内容存档于2019-04-03).
- ^ Tomson, Chris. Islamist rebel group joins Al-Qaeda franchise in Syria. Al-Masdar News. 2017-05-21 [2017-05-21]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-11).
- ^ Antonopoulos, Paul. FSA-affiliated group joins Al-Qaeda coalition; making it the largest militant group in Syria. Al-Masdar News. 2017-03-21 [2017-06-24]. (原始内容存档于2017-03-23).
- ^ Hay’at Tahrir al Sham leader calls for ‘unity’ in Syrian insurgency. Long War Journal. 2017-02-10 [2017-06-24]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-16).
- ^ "Confrontation between Turkey, Saudi Arabia Root Cause of Tensions among Terrorist Groups in Syria (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)". Fars News Agency. 2017-02-09.
- ^ Lister, Charles. US State Department declares that #HTS and all groups that merged into it are now considered Al-Qaeda & thus, HTS = a terrorist organization. 2017-03-11 [2018-09-04]. (原始内容存档于2017-08-20).
- ^ United States Ambassador to Syria [@USEmbassySyria]. HTS is a merger and any group that merges into it becomes part of al-Qa'ida's Syrian network. #Syria (推文). 15 May 2017 –通过Twitter.
- ^ Government of Canada, Public Works and Government Services Canada. Canada Gazette, Part 2, Volume 152, Number 11: Regulations Amending the Regulations Establishing a List of Entities. gazette.gc.ca. 2018-05-30 [2018-07-22]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-19).
- ^ Turkey designates Syria's Tahrir al-Sham as terrorist group. 2018-08-31 [2019-08-21]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-29) –通过uk.reuters.com.
- ^ Charities warned that sending aid to Syria's Idlib could be a 'terror offence'. Middle East Eye. [2019-08-21]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-14).