ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ
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ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵏⵉⵜⵏ ● ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ● ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ● ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰⵏⵏ ● ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ● ⵜⵉⵏⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ● ⵉⵡⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ |
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ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ
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ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⵣⴰⵀⵓⵔ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: الحسن زهور) ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1958 ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⵙⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⴹⵉ ⵄⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ ⴳ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1983. ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1994, ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵡⵍ ‘’ⵎⵓⵣⵢⴰ’’, ⵜⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⴷ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵓⵏⴳⴰⵍⵏ, ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵕⵚⵎⵉⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵔⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵉⴽⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵍ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ.
ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⵣⴰⵀⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛ ⵉⴼⵍⵜ ⵉⴼⵜⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵔⵎ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵔⴽⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⴷⴰⵡⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛ ⵉⴱⴷⴷ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵉⴼⵍ ⵓⵢⴰ, ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵛⴽ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵜⴰⵙⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⵙⵡⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⴰⵎ ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ, ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵣⵎⵎⴰⵎ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵉⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵥⴰⵎⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ (ⵉⴷ ⵜⵥⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ, ⵢⵓⴼⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵜⵏ ⵉⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵍⴽⵎ ⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⴽⵉ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵢⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⵎⵏⵛⴽ ⴰⵢⴰⴷ, ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⵏⴼ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵉⵜⵜⵉ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵥⵕⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵜⵖⵍⵍⴰⴱⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵡⵉⵏⴳⵎ ⴰⴷⵢⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉ ⴰⵎⵖⴰⵍⴰⵛⴷⴰ ⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵔⵎⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏⴼ ⴽⵓ ⵎⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵥⵍⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ.
ⵍⵃⵙⵏ ⵣⴰⵀⵓⵔ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴱ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎ ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵓⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵙⵓⵜⵓⵍⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵉ ⴰⵏⵍⵍⵉ, ⵓⵢⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵔⵏ, ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵣⵡⴰⵔⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵖ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵢⴰⵢⵍ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴳⵏⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ. ⵙ ⵜⵉⴷⵜ ⵜⵉⵡⵙ ⴰⵙⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜⵍⵍⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⴱⵔⵉⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵡⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⵙ ⵃⵜⵜⴰ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵍⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵜⴳ ⵜⵉⵔⵎⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵣⵎⵣⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍⴰⵏ, ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵊⵊⴰⵡⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵢⴰⴼⴰⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵔⴰⵢ ⵓⴽⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵔⵙ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵜ.
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ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴼⴰⵍⴽⴰⵢ
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ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ, (ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵔⵓ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔⴰⵏ: [ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵡⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ] ⵏⵖ [ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵡⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ]) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵢⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵏⵖⵓⴱⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ, ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⵙ 13 ⵉⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ. ⵉⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴽⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵓⵏⵉⵏ. ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴱⴽⵔⵉ, ⵍⵢⴰⵄⵇⵓⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ (ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵍⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ) ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 9 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 16 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵅⵍⴰ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ.
ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ" ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ "ⴽⵉⵜⴰⴱ ⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⵎⴰ" ⵏ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵔⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1146 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵔⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ "ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ" ⵜⴳⴰ "ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ".
ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 9 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵎⵓⵙⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵓ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ, ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ, ⴰⵖⵎⴰⵜ, ⵏⵏⴼⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵚⵎⵓⴹⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⵥⵎⵓⴹⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⵇⵇⴱⵓⵕ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⴷ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵓ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ (ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴱⵏ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ) ⵉⵙ ⴽⴰ ⵢⵓⵍⵙ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵏⵉⵇⵏ. ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 9, ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵉⵇⵇⴱⵓⵕⵏ.
ⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵓⵜⵏⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⴷⴷⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⴷⴷⵊ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵚⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⵙⵔⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ. ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ, ⵣⵣⵏⴳ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ. ⵜⴰⵍⵄⴷⴷⴰⴷⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵖⵉⵣ (ⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⵣⵖⵓⵣ) ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵕⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵙⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⵙⵓⴼⵓⵖⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵍⵜ. ⵉⵎⵖⵉⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ ⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵄⴷⴷⴰⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴳⵉⵍⵉⵣ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵡⴷⴰⴷⵏ.
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ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ
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ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1934 ⵙ ⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⵓ, ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵡⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ, ⴰⵙⵓⵍⴼ ⵏ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⴰⵖ ⵏⵙ ⴳⴰⵏⵜⵏ ⵊⵓⵏ ⴱⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵍⵉⴼⵉ, ⵎⴰⵕⵉ ⵉⴱⵛⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵡⵡⵓ. ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ .
ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵍⴱⵉⴷⴰⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 1934 ⵙ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ "ⵉⵟⵟⵓ", ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵔⵉ ⵉⴱⵛⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵊⵓⵏ ⴱⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵍⵉⴼⵉ , ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵚⵡⵡⴰⵕ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1989 ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ " ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ " ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵙⵙⵉ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴱⵉⵣⵉⴽⴰⵔⵏ (ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵜ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⴳⵉⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ 1993), ⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ. ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴷ ⵉⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⴼ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 1992 ⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ " ⴱⵓ - ⵜⴼⵓⵏⴰⵙⵜ " ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⴽⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴱⴰⵄⵎⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵙⵉ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⴱⵓⴽⴰ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵔⵜ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ " ⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ", ⵄⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵛⴽⵉⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵍⴰⴼⵍⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ.
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ⵎⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ?
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ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵒⵉⴷⵢⴰ (Wikipedia ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ) ⴷ ⵢⵓⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ (291 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ 2015). ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⴻⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ. ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵜⵜ ⵊⵉⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵍⵣ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⴰⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 15 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2001. ⴷ ⵙⴰⵏⵊⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, "ⵡⵉⴽⵉ" ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⴱⵣⵔⴱⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ, ⴷ "ⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ" ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴻⵏⵛⵢⵛⵍⵓⴱⴻⴷⵉⴰ. ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵃⵔⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⴱⵜⴰ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵖ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ. ⵖⵉⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 300 (ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 5 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ. ⵖ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 40 (ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵙ 300 (ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ. ⵖ ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2014 (ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⴼⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵢⵥⵕⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 18 (ⵜⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 500 (ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⴱⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ.
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ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ
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- 31 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵏⵖⴰ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵄⵉⵍ ⵀⴰⵏⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵉⵚⵟⵉⵏⵉ ⵃⴰⵎⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵕⴰⵏ.
- 14 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ: ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴱⵜ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ.
- 13 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ: ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵏⴰⵍⴷ ⵜⵕⴰⵎⴱ (ⴳ ⵜⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⴱⵉⵏⵙⵍⴼⵉⵏⵢⴰ.
- 5 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ:
- ⵉⵔⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙⵄⵓⴷ ⴱⴰⵣⵉⵛⴽⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⵏⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⵊⴰⵍⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵕⴰⵏ.
- ⵉⴳⴰ ⴽⵉⵢⵔ ⵙⵜⴰⵔⵎⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ.
- 29 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ: ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏⵜ ⵍⴰⵍⵍⴰ ⵍⴰⵟⵉⴼⴰ ⴰⵎⵃⵣⵓⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 29 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2024.
- 27 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ: ⵜⵙⵙⵉⴷⴼ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵓⴳⵍ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵍ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 27 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2024.
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ⴰⵎ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ
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ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜ?
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- ...ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2009, ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 18 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴰⵏⵕⵡⵉⵊⵉ ⵎⴰⴳⵏⵓⵙ ⴽⴰⵔⵍⵙⵏ (ⵥⵕ ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵛⵛⵟⵕⵏⵊ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵡⵉⵏ 2800 ⵏ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⴹⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓ?
- ...ⵢⵉⴼⵢⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ ⴱⴱⵉⵔⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏⵜ?
- ...ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵇⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵉⵥⵏⴰⴳⵏ?
- ...ⵜⴰⵇⵇⵏⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵀⴷⵉ ⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵙ ⴰⵔⵖⵏ?
- ...ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ?
- ...ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⵏⴷⵍⵓⵙ
- ...ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴷⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴱⵏ ⴱⵍⵇⵉⵏ ⴰⵥⵏⴰⴳ?
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ⵏⵏⴰⵏ
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ⵙⵍⵍⴰⵖ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⴰ ⵉⵏⵓ ⵣⵓⵏ ⵜⵕⵥⵉⵜ ⴰⵖⴰⵏⵉⵎ ⵙⵍⵍⴰⵖ ⵉ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵉⵏⵓ ⵣⵓⵏ ⵢⵓⵜ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ |
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ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ | ![]() |
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ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⴰⵍ ⵉⴱⴱⵉ ⵎⵢⵢⴰ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⴼⵀⵎⵏⵉⵏ | ![]() |
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ⵢⵓⴼ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴰ ⵍⵅⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⵓⵏ | ![]() |
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ⴰⵅⵅⴰⵎ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⵜ, ⵕⵥⴰⴳ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵍⵇⵓⵜ | ![]() |
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ⴰⴷ ⵣⵣⴰⵍⵖ ⵉ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⵔⵉⵖ ⵓⵔ ⵔⵣⵣⴰⵖ ⵏⴽⴽ ⵡⴰⵍⴰ ⴽⵏⵉⵖ ⴰⴷ ⵇⵇⵉⵎⵖ ⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ |
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ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴷ: ⴰ ⵏⴷⴷⵓ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⴰ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵔⴰ: ⴰⴷ ⵏⴷⴷⵓ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⴰ. ⴰⵛⴽⵓ "ⴰⴷ" ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⵔⴰⵎⵢⴰⴳ. |
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ⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ !
ⴰⵡⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵣⵔⴽ ⵙ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ. ⵎⴽ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⵏⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵙⵔⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵉⵙⵉ, ⵥⵕ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵙⵇⵙⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ 2 479 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵏⵉ, ⵖⴰⵏⵏ ⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵖⵉ ⴰ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵔⵉⴷ ⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴷ. ⵉⴳ ⵜⵔⵉⴷ ⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⴰⵏⴷ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵔⵉⴷ ⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴷ (ⵉⵖⵉ ⴰ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ) ⵏⵖ ⵓⵀⵓ, ⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ. ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ, ⴰⵔⴰ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵏⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴹⴼⴰⵕⵜ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ.
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ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵜⵏ
ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ:
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