Python TypeError: ‘module’ object is not callable Solution

Python modules are confusing, especially when you define your own. “TypeError: ‘module’ object is not callable” is one of the most common mistakes that Python developers make when working with classes.

In this guide, we talk about what this error means and why it is raised. We walk through an example code snippet to help you overcome this error. Let’s begin!

The Problem: TypeError: ‘module’ object is not callable

Any Python file is a module as long as it ends in the extension “.py”.

Modules are a crucial part of Python because they let you define functions, variables, and classes outside of a main program. This means you can divide your code up into multiple files and categorize it more effectively.

Modules must be imported in a certain way. Otherwise, Python returns an error:

TypeError: 'module' object is not callable

This happens when you try to import a module as a function.

An Example Scenario

Define a module called “cakes”. This module contains one function: read_file. The read_file function will read the contents of a text file.

Our filename determines the name of our module. Because we want our module to be called “cakes”, we write our code in a file called cakes.py:

81% of participants stated they felt more confident about their tech job prospects after attending a bootcamp. Get matched to a bootcamp today.

The average bootcamp grad spent less than six months in career transition, from starting a bootcamp to finding their first job.

def read_file():
	all_cakes = []
	with open("cakes.txt", "r") as cake_file:
		cake_list = cake_file.readlines()
		for c in cake_list:
			all_cakes.append(c.replace("\n", ""))

	return all_cakes

This function reads the contents of a file called “cakes.txt”. It then iterates through every line of text in the file and adds each line to a list called “all_cakes”.

The replace() method is used to replace any new line (“\n”) characters with an empty value. This removes all new lines. We return “all_cakes” at the end of our function.

Now, open a file called app.py and paste in this code:

import cakes

cake_list = cakes()
print(cake_list)

This code uses our “cakes” module to read the contents of the “cakes.txt” file. It then prints out all the cakes the function has found in the file.

Let’s run our code:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main.py", line 3, in <module>
	cakes = cakes()
TypeError: 'module' object is not callable

Our code returns an error.

The Solution

Let’s take a look at the import statement in our app.py file:

import cakes

We import the module “cakes”. This contains all of the variables, classes, and functions that we declare in the “cakes.py” file.

Now, let’s look at our next line of code:

cake_list = cakes()

Although the “cakes” module only contains one function, we don’t specify what that function is. This confuses Python because it does not know what function it should work with.

To solve this error, we call the name of the function we want to reference instead of the module itself:

import cakes

cake_list = cakes.read_file()
print(cake_list)

Let’s try to run our code again:

['Cinnamon Babka', 'Chocolate Cupcake']

Our code successfully returns the list of cakes.

In our app.py file, we call cakes.read_file().

Python looks at the file “cakes.py” where our “cakes” module is stored and locates the read_file() function. Then, Python executes that function.

We assign the result of the read_file() function to a variable called “cake_list”. Then, we print out that list to the console.

Alternatively, import the read_file function directly into our program:

from cakes import read_file

cake_list = read_file()
print(cake_list)

Our code returns:

['Cinnamon Babka', 'Chocolate Cupcake']

Our code executes the read_file() function from the “cakes” module. In this example, we import the whole “cakes” module. Instead of doing so, we import one function from the “cakes” module: read_file.

Notice that when we import read_file, we no longer need to use cakes.read_file() to call our function. We use read_file() because we import the read_file() function directly into our code.

Conclusion

The code for a Python module exists in a different file. There are a few different ways to import functions and values from modules and it’s easy to mess up.

When you work with modules, make sure that you reference the functions, classes, and variables that you want to access correctly. You need to specify the exact function that you want to call from a module if you want to reference a function, rather than calling the module itself.

Now you’re ready to solve this Python TypeError like a professional developer!