From doing simple to complex mathematical operations(like trigonometric, logarithmic operations etc) in python we may need to use the math() module.
The python math module is used to access mathematical functions. All methods of math() function are used for integer or real type objects but not for complex numbers.
To use this function, we need to import it in our code
import math
Constants
We use these constants for calculation in python -
| Constants | Descriptions |
|---|---|
| Pi | Return the value of pi: 3.141592 |
| E | Return the value of natural base e. e is 0.718282 |
| tau | Returns the value of tau. tau = 6.283185 |
| inf | Returns the infinite |
| nan | Not a number type |
Numbers and Numeric Representation
Python provides different functions which are used to represent numbers in different forms, for example -
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| Ceil(x) | It returns the ceiling value which is the smallest value, greater or equal to the number x. |
| copysign(x, y) | Returns the number of x and copy the sign of y to x. |
| fabs(x) | Return absolute value of x. |
| factorial(x) | Returns factorial of x where x>=0 |
| floor(x) | Returns the floor value which is the largest integer, less or equal to the number x. |
| fsum(iterable) | Returns sum of the elements in an iterable object |
| gcd(x,y) | Returns the greatest common divisor of x and y. |
| isfinite(x) | Checks whether x is neither an infinity nor nan. |
| isinf(x) | Checks if x is infinity |
| isnan(s) | Checks whether s is not a number |
| remainder(x,y) | Find remainder after dividing x by y. |
Let’s write a program to demonstrate the use of above mathematical functions -
#Import math library
import math
#Floor and Ceiling
print('The Floor and Ceiling value of 9.45 are:
' + str(math.ceil(9.45)) + ', ' + str(math.floor(9.45)))
#Copysign
x = 94
y = -27
print('The value of x after copying the sign from y is: ' + str(math.copysign(x, y)))
#Absolute
print('Absolute value of -94 and 54 are: ' + str(math.fabs(-94)) + ', ' + str(math.fabs(54)))
#Fsum & gcd
my_list = [12, 9.25, 89, 3.02, -75.23, -7.2, 6.3]
print('Sum of the elements of the list: ' + str(math.fsum(my_list)))
print('The GCD of 24 and 56 : ' + str(math.gcd(24, 48)))
#isnan
x = float('nan')
if math.isnan(x):
print('It is not a number')
x = float('inf')
#isinf
y = 54
if math.isinf(x):
print('It is Infinity')
#x is not a finite number
print(math.isfinite(x))
#y is a finite number
print(math.isfinite(y))
Result
The Floor and Ceiling value of 9.45 are: 10, 9 The value of x after copying the sign from y is: -94.0 Absolute value of -94 and 54 are: 94.0, 54.0 Sum of the elements of the list: 37.13999999999999 The GCD of 24 and 56 : 24 It is not a number It is Infinity False True
Power & Logarithmic Functions
These functions are used to calculate different power and logarithmic related tasks in python.
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| pow(x,y) | Return- x to the power y value |
| sqrt(x) | Finds the square root of x |
| exp(x) | Finds xe, where e = 2.718281 |
| log(x[,base]) | Returns the log of x where base is given. The default base is e |
| log2(x) | Returns the log of x, where base is 2 |
| log10(x) | Returns the log of x, where base is 10 |
Example program to demonstrate use of above functions
import math
print("The value of 2^5: " + str(math.pow(2, 5)))
print("Square root of 625: " + str(math.sqrt(625)))
print("The value of 5^e: " + str(math.exp(5)))
print("The value of log(625), base 5: " + str(math.log(625, 5)))
print("The value of log(1024), base 10: " + str(math.log10(1024)))
print("The value of log(1024), base 2: " + str(math.log2(1024)))Result
The value of 2^5: 32.0 Square root of 625: 25.0 The value of 5^e: 148.4131591025766 The value of log(625), base 5: 4.0 The value of log(1024), base 10: 3.010299956639812 The value of log(1024), base 2: 10.0
Trigonometric and Angular Conversion Functions
These functions are used to calculate different trigonometric operations -
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| sin(x) | Return the sine of x in radians |
| cos(x) | It returns the cosine of x in radians |
| tan(x) | It returns the tangent of x in radians |
| asin(x) | It returns the inverse of the sine, similarly we have acos, atan also |
| degrees(x) | It conver angle x from radian to degrees |
| radians(x) | It convert angle x from degrees to radian |
Example program to demonstrate the use of above functions
import math
print("The value of sin(45 degree): " + str(math.sin(math.radians(45))))
print('The value of cos(pi): ' + str(math.cos(math.pi)))
print("The value of tan(45 degree): " + str(math.tan(math.pi/2)))
print("the angle of sin(0.95504050560):" + str(math.degrees(math.sin(0.95504050560))))Result
The value of sin(45 degree): 0.7071067811865475 The value of cos(pi): -1.0 The value of tan(45 degree): 1.633123935319537e+16 the angle of sin(0.95504050560):46.77267256206895