substr() function in PHP

The substr() function is used to return a part of a string.

Syntax

substr(str, begin, len)

Parameters

• str − The string

• begin − Specifies where to begin in the string

  • A positive number  − Start at a specified position in the string

  • A negative number  − Start at a specified position from the end of the string

  • 0  − Start at the first character in string

• len  − Specifies the length of the returned string. Default is to the end of the string.

  • A positive number  − The length to be returned from the start parameter

  • Negative number  − The length to be returned from the end of the string

Return

The substr() function returns the extracted part of the string.

Example

The following is an example −

<?php
echo substr("This is it!",5);
?>

Output

is it!

Example

The following is an example −

<?php
echo substr("programming language",2,6)."<br>"
?>

Output

ogramm <br>

Example

Let us see another example that includes negative parameters −

<?php
echo substr("website development",-5,-2)."<br>"
?>

Output

pme <br>