Combine update and query parts to form the upserted document in MongoDB?

You need to use $set operator along with upsert:true. Let us first create a collection with documents −

> db.updateWithUpsertDemo.insertOne({"StudentFirstName":"John","StudentAge":21});
{
   "acknowledged" : true,
   "insertedId" : ObjectId("5cd2a61c345990cee87fd890")
}
> db.updateWithUpsertDemo.insertOne({"StudentFirstName":"Larry","StudentAge":23});
{
   "acknowledged" : true,
   "insertedId" : ObjectId("5cd2a624345990cee87fd891")
}
> db.updateWithUpsertDemo.insertOne({"StudentFirstName":"David","StudentAge":24});
{
   "acknowledged" : true,
   "insertedId" : ObjectId("5cd2a62c345990cee87fd892")
}

Following is the query to display all documents from a collection with the help of find() method −

> db.updateWithUpsertDemo.find().pretty();

This will produce the following output −

{
   "_id" : ObjectId("5cd2a61c345990cee87fd890"),
   "StudentFirstName" : "John",
   "StudentAge" : 21
}
{
   "_id" : ObjectId("5cd2a624345990cee87fd891"),
   "StudentFirstName" : "Larry",
   "StudentAge" : 23
}
{
   "_id" : ObjectId("5cd2a62c345990cee87fd892"),
   "StudentFirstName" : "David",
   "StudentAge" : 24
}

Following is the query to combine update and query parts to form the upserted document −

> db.updateWithUpsertDemo.update({_id: ObjectId("5cd2a624345990cee87fd891")},{"$set": {"StudentFirstName": "Chris"}}, {upsert:true});
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

Let us check whether the field “StudentFirstName” has been changed or not −

> db.updateWithUpsertDemo.find().pretty();

This will produce the following output −

{
   "_id" : ObjectId("5cd2a61c345990cee87fd890"),
   "StudentFirstName" : "John",
   "StudentAge" : 21
}
{
   "_id" : ObjectId("5cd2a624345990cee87fd891"),
   "StudentFirstName" : "Chris",
   "StudentAge" : 23
}
{
   "_id" : ObjectId("5cd2a62c345990cee87fd892"),
   "StudentFirstName" : "David",
   "StudentAge" : 24
}