To execute a script when the element is invalid in HTML, use the oninvalid attribute.
Example
You can try to run the following code to implement oninvalid attribute.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML oninvalid attribute</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>ID</h2>
<form action = "/new.php">
<input type = "text" placeholder = "Student ID" name = "sname" oninvalid = "alert('Fill it first!')" required /><br>
<input type = "submit" value = "Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>