String is an array of characters and terminated by a null character (\0). The null character is not placed by the user, the compiler places it at the end of string automatically.
The difference between an array and a string is that the compiler does not place null character at the end of array while in string, compiler places null character.
Here is the syntax of string in C language,
char myStr[size];
Here,
myStr: The string
size: Set the size of string
Initialize string in C language like show below −
char myStr[size] = “string”;
char myStr[size] = { ‘s’,’t’,’r’,’i’,’n’,’g’,’\0’ };The following table displays functions of string in C language.
| Function | Purposes |
|---|---|
| strcpy(s1, s2) | Copies string s2 into string s2 |
| strcat(s1, s2) | Concatenates s2 onto end of s1 |
| strlen(s1) | Returns the length of string s1 |
| strcmp(s1, s2) | Returns 0 when s1 and s2 are same Greater than 0 when ASCII value of s1 is greater than s2 Lesser than 0 when ASCII value of s1 is lesser than s2 |
| strchr(s1, ch) | Returns the pointer to the first occurence of character ch in string s1 |
| strstr(s1, s2) | Returns the pointer to the first occurence of string s2 in string s1 |
Here is an example of string in C language,
Example
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main () {
char s1[10] = "Hello";
char s2[10] = "World";
int len, com ;
strcpy(s1, s2);
printf("Strings s1 and s2 : %s\t%s\n", s1, s2 );
strcat( s1, s2);
printf("String concatenation: %s\n", s1 );
len = strlen(s1);
printf("Length of string s1 : %d\n", len );
com = strcmp(s1,s2);
printf("Comparison of strings s1 and s2 : %d\n", com );
return 0;
}Output
Strings s1 and s2 : WorldWorld String concatenation: WorldWorld Length of string s1 : 10 Comparison of strings s1 and s2 : 87