Print the lexicographically smallest BFS of the graph starting from 1 in C Program.

We will be given a connected graph with N vertices M edges. So we have to print the lexicographically smallest BFS of the graph starting from 1.

Lexicographically means in order starting from the given point till the end point is found.

Vertices should be numbered from 1 to N

Example

Input: N = 5 M = 5
   edges(1,4, arr)
   edges(3,4, arr)
   edges(5,4, arr)
   edges(3,2, arr)
   edges(1,5, arr)
   Output: 1 4 3 2 5

Instead of doing a normal BFS traversal with a simple queue on the graph, we can use a priority queue(min heap). Whenever a node is visited add its adjacent nodes into the priority queue. Every time, we visit a new node, it will be the one with the smallest index in the priority queue. Print the nodes when every time we visit them starting from 1.

Algorithm

Start
Step 1 -> Declare Function void lexo(vector<int> array[], int n)
   Declare bool arr[n + 1]
   Call memset(arr, 0, sizeof arr)
   Use STL priority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int> > que
   Set arr[1] = true
   Call que.push(1)
   Loop While !que.empty()
      Declare int now = que.top()
      Call que.pop()
      Print now
      Loop For (auto p : array[now])
         IF !arr[p]
            Call que.push(p)
            Call arr[p] = true
         End
      End
   End
Step 2 -> declare Function void edge(int i, int j, vector<int> ar[])
   Call ar[i].push_back(j)
   Call ar[j].push_back(i)
Step 3- > In main()
   Declare int n = 5, m = 5
   Use STL vector<int> arr[n + 1]
   Call edges(1,4, arr)
   Call edges(3,4, arr)
   Call lexo(arr, n)
Stop

Example

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//for finding the graph
void lexo(vector<int> array[], int n){
   bool arr[n + 1];
   memset(arr, 0, sizeof arr);
   priority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int> > que;
   arr[1] = true;
   que.push(1);
   while (!que.empty()){
      int now = que.top();
      que.pop();
      cout << now << " ";
      for (auto p : array[now]){
         if (!arr[p]){
            que.push(p);
            arr[p] = true;
         }
      }
   }
}
//for generating edge
void edge(int i, int j, vector<int> ar[]){
   ar[i].push_back(j);
   ar[j].push_back(i);
}
int main(){
   int n = 5, m = 5;
   vector<int> arr[n + 1];
   edges(1,4, arr); //for inserting the edge
   edges(3,4, arr);
   edges(5,4, arr);
   edges(3,2 arr);
   edges(1,5, arr);
   lexo(arr, n);
   return 0;
}

Output

if we run above program then it will generate following output

1 4 3 2 5