Structure is a collection of different datatype variables, grouped together under a single name.
Features of structure
The features of structure are explained below −
It is possible to copy the contents of all structure elements of different datatypes to another structure variable of its type by using an assignment operator.
For handling complex datatypes, it is better to create a structure within an another structure, which is called as the nested structures.
It is possible to pass an entire structure, individual elements of a structure and an address of structure to a function.
It is also possible to create the structure pointers.
Declaration of structures
The general form of structure declaration is as follows −
datatype member1;
struct tagname{
datatype member2;
datatype member n;
};Here, struct is the keyword.
tagname specifies name of structure.
member1, member2 are the data items.
For example,
struct book{
int pages;
char author [30];
float price;
};Example
Following is the C program for structure in local scope −
#include<stdio.h>
struct{
char name[20];
int age;
int salary;
char add[30];
}emp1,emp2;
int manager(){
struct{
char name[20];
int age;
int salary;
char add[50];
}manager ;
manager.age=27;
if(manager.age>30)
manager.salary=65000;
else
manager.salary=55000;
return manager.salary;
}
int main(){
printf("enter the name of emp1:");
//gets(emp1.name);
scanf("%s",emp1.name);
printf("\nenter the add of emp1:");
scanf("%s",emp1.add);
printf("\nenter the salary of emp1:");
scanf("%d",&emp1.salary);
printf("\nenter the name of emp2:");
// gets(emp2.name);
scanf("%s",emp2.name);
printf("\nenter the add of emp2:");
scanf("%s",emp2.add);
printf("\nenter the salary of emp2:");
scanf("%d",&emp2.salary);
printf("\nemp1 salary is %d",emp1.salary);
printf("\nemp2 salary is %d",emp2.salary);
printf("\nmanager salary is %d",manager());
return 0;
}Output
When the above program is executed, it produces the following result −
enter the name of emp1:hari enter the add of emp1:hyderabad enter the salary of emp1:4000 enter the name of emp2:lucky enter the add of emp2:chennai enter the salary of emp2:5000 emp1 salary is 4000 emp2 salary is 5000 manager salary is 55000