Java Encapsulation: Implementing Person Class with Getter and Setter Methods

Last update on May 16 2025 13:08:37 (UTC/GMT +8 hours)

Write a Java program to create a class called Person with private instance variables name, age. and country. Provide public getter and setter methods to access and modify these variables.

Sample Solution:

Java Code:

// Person.java

// Person Class
class Person {
  // Private field to store the name of the person
  private String name;
  // Private field to store the age of the person
  private int age;
  // Private field to store the country of the person
  private String country;

  // Public method to get the name of the person
  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }

  // Public method to set the name of the person
  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  // Public method to get the age of the person
  public int getAge() {
    return age;
  }

  // Public method to set the age of the person
  public void setAge(int age) {
    this.age = age;
  }

  // Public method to get the country of the person
  public String getCountry() {
    return country;
  }

  // Public method to set the country of the person
  public void setCountry(String country) {
    this.country = country;
  }
} 

// Main.java
// Main Class
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Create an instance of Person
        Person person = new Person();

        // Set values using setter methods
        person.setName("Arthfael Viktorija");
        person.setAge(25);
        person.setCountry("USA");

        // Get values using getter methods
        String name = person.getName();
        int age = person.getAge();
        String country = person.getCountry();

        // Print the values
        System.out.println("Name: " + name);
        System.out.println("Age: " + age);
        System.out.println("Country: " + country);
    }
}

Output:

Name: Arthfael Viktorija
Age: 25
Country: US

Explanation:

In the above exercise, the Person class encapsulates the private instance variables name, age, and country. These variables are declared private, which means they cannot be accessed outside the Person class.

To access and modify these private variables, public getter and setter methods are provided. The getter methods (getName(), getAge(), and getCountry()) allow other classes to retrieve the values of private variables. The setter methods (setName(), setAge(), and setCountry()) provide a way to modify the values of private variables.

In the Main class, an instance of the Person class is created using the Person constructor (Person person = new Person()). Then, the setter methods are used to set the values of the private variables name, age, and country.

To retrieve these values, the getter methods are called (String name = person.getName(), int age = person.getAge(), String country = person.getCountry()). Finally, the retrieved values are printed using System.out.println().

Flowchart:

For more Practice: Solve these Related Problems:

• Write a Java program where the "Person" class includes a method to validate if the age is above 18.
• Write a Java program where the "Person" class adds a method to display the full name in uppercase.
• Write a Java program where the "Person" class restricts setting an empty name.
• Write a Java program where the "Person" class tracks nationality changes with a history list.

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