Implement Open-Closed Principle Using C#

Software entities like classes, modules and functions should be open for extension but closed for modifications.

Definition − The Open Close Principle states that the design and writing of the code should be done in a way that new functionality should be added with minimum changes in the existing code. The design should be done in a way to allow the adding of new functionality as new classes, keeping as much as possible existing code unchanged.

Example

Code Before Open Closed Principle

using System;
using System.Net.Mail;
namespace SolidPrinciples.Open.Closed.Principle.Before{
   public class Rectangle{
      public int Width { get; set; }
      public int Height { get; set; }
   }
   public class CombinedAreaCalculator{
      public double Area (object[] shapes){
         double area = 0;
         foreach (var shape in shapes){
            if(shape is Rectangle){
               Rectangle rectangle = (Rectangle)shape;
               area += rectangle.Width * rectangle.Height;
            }
         }
         return area;
      }
   }
   public class Circle{
      public double Radius { get; set; }
   }
   public class CombinedAreaCalculatorChange{
      public double Area(object[] shapes){
         double area = 0;
         foreach (var shape in shapes){
            if (shape is Rectangle){
               Rectangle rectangle = (Rectangle)shape;
               area += rectangle.Width * rectangle.Height;
            }
            if (shape is Circle){
               Circle circle = (Circle)shape;
               area += (circle.Radius * circle.Radius) * Math.PI;
            }
         }
         return area;
      }
   }
}

Code After OpenClosed Principle

namespace SolidPrinciples.Open.Closed.Principle.After{
   public abstract class Shape{
      public abstract double Area();
   }
   public class Rectangle: Shape{
      public int Width { get; set; }
      public int Height { get; set; }
      public override double Area(){
         return Width * Height;
      }
   }
   public class Circle : Shape{
      public double Radius { get; set; }
      public override double Area(){
         return Radius * Radius * Math.PI;
      }
   }
   public class CombinedAreaCalculator{
      public double Area (Shape[] shapes){
         double area = 0;
         foreach (var shape in shapes){
            area += shape.Area();
         }
         return area;
      }
   }
}