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Difference Between Functional and Logical Programming
Programming is a technique which is used to resolve different types of problems with the help of a programming language. Different types of programming languages are available which have their own syntax and methods of programming. Each programming language supports different paradigms like functional, logical, object-oriented, etc. In this article, we will discuss the difference between functional and logical programming.
What is Functional Programming?
Functional programming is a paradigm in which functions are used to write code and execute a program. High-level languages are used to write such programs which consist of one or more functions. An example can be the mathematical functions which can be used to resolve mathematical problems.
What is Logical Programming?
Logical programming is a paradigm in which logical circuits are used to represent the problems with the help of facts and rules. Knowledge is represented with the help of logic. This knowledge can be modified with the help of inference. This paradigm helps in knowing the ways to accomplish certain goals.
Difference between Functional and Logical Programming
Here is the table which consists of the difference between functional and logical programming.
| Functional Programming | Logical Programming |
|---|---|
| It uses one or more functions in a program. | It uses predicates which do not have a return value. |
| Functions have to be written and executed in this type of programming. | Statements are used in this type of programming. These statements represent the problems in the form of logic. |
| Functional programming is performed to handle symbolic computation. | Logical programming is performed to diagnose faults, machine learning, etc. |
| Functional programming depends on functions which can be user-defined or available in the libraries of a programming language. | Logical programming is based on logic. |
| The languages that use functional programming are Clojure, OCaml, Wolfram language, etc. | The programming languages that use logic programming are Absys, Cycl, Alice, etc. |
| Code redundancy is reduced and it can also be used to solve complex problems. | It is a data-driven programming which is used to provide knowledge. |
| Testing of a functional program is easy. | Testing is difficult comparatively. |
Which is better: Functional Programming or Logical Programming?
Functional and logical programming are different paradigms. Functional programming depends on functions which also help in the reduction of code redundancy. There are many programming languages which consist of pre-defined functions available in their libraries. User-defined functions can also be created and executed.
Logical programming is based on logic. This paradigm consists of statements which are used to represent the problems. Logical programming is good for machine learning as tells the machines the ways of providing reasons.
Conclusion
Functional and logical programming are two paradigms. Functional programming depends on functions which can be either pre-defined or user-defined. The logical paradigm is based on logic and is used to diagnose faults, enable machines to provide reason, etc.
FAQs on Functional Programming Vs. Logical Programming
1. Which programming paradigm is based on functions?
Functional programming paradigms are based on functions. A program can have one or more functions and each of them can be called as and when required. There are many programming languages which consist of pre-defined functions. These languages also allow developers to create user-defined functions.
2. What is the function of logical programming?
Logical programming is based on logic. This type of programming depends on rules and facts related to a problem within a system.
3. What types of programs are made in functional programming?
Functional programming is based on functions. Developers have to use either pre-defined or user-defined functions to run the code. Each programming language has a different syntax to define a function and then call it.
4. Which of the programming paradigms is data-driven?
Logical programming is data driven and it is used in machine learning to express knowledge.
5. In which programming paradigm testing is difficult?
In a logical programming paradigm, testing is difficult.
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