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Count Fibonacci Numbers in Given Range in O(log n) Time and O(1) Space in C++
We are given the range having start and end numbers and the task is to calculate the total count of Fibonacci numbers available between the given range in O(Log n) time and O(1) space.
What are Fibonacci numbers
Fibonacci numbers are the sequence of numbers known as Fibonacci sequence where every new number is the sum of the last two preceding numbers.
Where, f(0) = 0 and f(1) = 1 i.e. f(0) and f(1) have fixed positions in the sequence and the calculation will start from the third number.
Formula used for calculating the sequence is −
Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2
Where,
F0 = 0, F1 = l
For Example
Input − start = 6 and last = 100 Output − Number of fibonacci Numbers in the series are 6
Explanation − fibonacci numbers between 6 and 100 are 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89 i.e. total count is 6
Input − start = 0 and last = 8 Output − Number of fibonacci Numbers in the series are 7
Explanation − fibonacci numbers between 0 and 8 are 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 i.e. total count is 7
Approach used in the below program is as follows
Input the start and end numbers to create a range
Declare and initialise fib1 to 0, fib2 to 1, fib3 to 1
Declare a temporary variable res and initialise it with 0
Start a loop, while fib1 is less than or equals to end
Inside the loop, check if fib1 is greater than or equals to the start then increment the res by 1
Set fib1 to fib2, fib2 to fib3 and fib3 to fib1 + fib2
Return res
Print the result
Example
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
// function to count fibonacci numbers in range
// from start to last
int count_fibonacci(int start, int last){
// First three Fibonacci Numbers
int fib1 = 0, fib2 = 1, fib3 = 1;
// res to count the number of fibonacci
int res = 0;
while (fib1 <= last){
if (fib1 >= start){
res++;
}
fib1 = fib2;
fib2 = fib3;
fib3 = fib1 + fib2;
}
return res;
}
// main function
int main(){
int start = 6, last = 100;
cout << "Number of fibonacci Numbers in the series are "
<< count_fibonacci(start, last);
return 0;
}
Output
If we run the above code it will generate the following output −
Number of fibonacci Numbers in the series are 6
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