Relationship Between JavaScript, CoffeeScript, TypeScript, ES5, and ES6

JavaScript

The base programming language in all these. ES5 and ES6 are just different versions of this language

CoffeeScript

CoffeeScript is a programming language which transcompiles to JavaScript. It’s a compiler layer on top of JavaScript.

TypeScript

A language that compiles down to JavaScript. TypeScript is a method to create JavaScript code by writing it in the TypeScript dialect and compiles to JavaScript. TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript.

ES5 and ES6

CoffeeScript & TypeScript are the ones that support ES6 features. The compiler convert code into JavaScript (ES5). ES6 is next generation JavaScript.