How to Pronounce the French 'X'

Generally, the letter 'x' is used in one of two ways in French: by itself or in combination with 'c' ('xc').

'X': Soft Pronunciation

The 'x' is pronounced like the 'x' in the English word "fix" [ks] in two locations: 1) in front of a consonant or 2) at the end of a word or syllable. Listen 

Examples:

• the letter x
• une experience > experience, experiment
• la taxe > tax

Exception: The 'x' at the end of French numbers such as six and dix is pronounced like an 'S.'

'X': Hard Pronunciation

Between two vowels in two different syllables, the 'x' is pronounced [gz] as in exit. Listen
Exception: The 'x' in xérès is pronounced [gz].

Examples: 

• le xylophone > xylophone
• exact > exact, correct

Liaison or Enchaînement

In pronunciations that involve liaison or enchaînement, 'x' is pronounced like a 'z.'

'XC': Soft Pronunciation

In front of a soft vowel 'xc' is pronounced [ks], like the 'soft x' pronunciation in which the 'c' is essentially silent. Listen to excentré.

Examples:

• excellent > excellent
• excentré > outlying

'XC': Hard Pronunciation

In front of a hard vowel or a consonant, 'xc' is pronounced [ksk], like the soft 'x' plus a hard 'c.' Essentially, they are pronounced individually according to their traditional rules. Listen to express. 

Examples: 

• excusez-moi > excuse me
• exclamation > exclamation
• express > espresso