Rhinoscleroma is a rare, chronic infectious granulomatous process involving the upper respiratory tract, most commonly the nasopharynx.
Furthermore, as we have encountered in our patient, it might often mimic, from the clinicoradiologic perspective, fungal rhinosinusitis, sinonasal neoplasms (including inverted papilloma, natural killer T cell lymphoma), other granulomatous diseases (such as Wegner's granulomatosis, syphilis, leprosy, sarcoidosis,
rhinoscleroma, rhinitis sicca), and retained foreign bodies (8).
A differential diagnosis of reversible nasal congestion includes allergic rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, exaggerated nasal cycle, acute viral rhinitis, acute viral rhinosinusitis, acute bacterial rhinitis, acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, chronic inflammatory or infectious rhinosinusitis, rhinitis medicamentosa, sarcoidosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, and
rhinoscleroma [20].
This includes congenital lesions (encephalocele, glioma, teratoma, dermoid, and epidermoid), granulomatous diseases (Wegener's granulomatosis and sarcoidosis), and neoplasms (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, sarcoma, esthesioneuroblastoma, schwannoma, angiofibroma, and hemangioma) as well as infectious conditions (tuberculosis, syphilis,
rhinoscleroma, leprosy, actinomycosis, aspergillosis, and mucormycosis) [15].
Rhinoscleroma involving the nose was the clinical diagnosis in 2 cases, which gave consistent findings on histology (100%).
Emperipolesis is not pathognomonic for Rosai-Dorfman disease:
rhinoscleroma mimicking Rosai-Dorfman disease, a clinical series.
Rhinoscleroma is a chronic granulomatous infection due to Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, which affects the respiratory epithelium from the nose to the bronchi.
Leprosy, syphilis, and
rhinoscleroma are less common granulomatous diseases that present with laryngeal involvement.
Klebsiella and
rhinoscleroma. In: Connor DH, Chandler FW, Schwartz DA, et al, eds.
rhinoescleromatis is the etiological agent of
rhinoscleroma or scleroma infection which is characterized by a granulomatous and chronic process of insidious evolution that affects the mucosa from the upper respiratory tract and might lead to bone invasion and airway obstruction.
have been described using as their base the reactions of crossing serums and the ultra-structural aspects, as well as the similarities in the histological aspects of donovanosis and of
rhinoscleroma, an infection caused by K.
The distinctive histiocytes of SHML with emperipolesis are different from histiocytes seen in a variety of other benign and malignant disorders--such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, monocytic leukemia,
rhinoscleroma, juvenile xanthogranuloma, and Langerhans histiocytosis--in which phagocytosis of cells may be a prominent feature.