The as-obtained graphite oxide slurry was redispersed in DI water and then exfoliated by ultrasonication using a Brandson Digital Sonifer (S450D, 35% amplitude) to generate graphene oxide nanoflakes.
ROFA (suspended in sterile saline) was sonicated for 1 min with a Sonifer 450 cell disruptor (Branson Ultrasonics, Danbury, CT) before IT instillation.