ZIO Http A Functional Approach to Scalable and Type-Safe Web Development
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The document outlines the etiquettes for attending a ZIO HTTP session led by Niloy Choudhury, emphasizing punctuality, providing feedback, and maintaining silence. It explains key concepts of ZIO HTTP, including routing, request handling, middleware, and server configuration, highlighting its type-safe approach for building robust HTTP servers. Overall, ZIO HTTP enables easy understanding, maintenance, and testing of server code.
A Route consists of two parts: RoutePattern and Handler
Method.GET / "hello" -> Handler.text("hello")
sealed trait Route[-Env, +Err]
o RoutePattern define how URLs map to handlers.
o Patterns can include literal strings, wildcards for any path segment, and path parameters.
o The Handler produces response to the matching request.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ziohttpafunctionalapproachtoscalableandtype-safewebdevelopment-240624072624-820b1e94/85/ZIO-Http-A-Functional-Approach-to-Scalable-and-Type-Safe-Web-Development-7-320.jpg)
![Handler
A Handler is responsible for processing the matched incoming HTTP requests and generating
appropriate response.
sealed trait Handler[-R, +Err, -In, +Out]
type RequestHandler[-R, +Err] = Handler[R, Err, Request, Response]
o Function that takes a Request, including headers, body, and parameters.
o Generates a Response object.
o Response including status code, headers, and an optional body.
Creating Handler
o Using companion object
Method.GET / "hello" -> Handler.text("hello !")
Method.GET / "forbidden" -> Handler.error(Status.Forbidden)
o Using smart constructor handler
Method.GET / Root -> handler(Response.text("Greetings at your service"))](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ziohttpafunctionalapproachtoscalableandtype-safewebdevelopment-240624072624-820b1e94/85/ZIO-Http-A-Functional-Approach-to-Scalable-and-Type-Safe-Web-Development-8-320.jpg)
![Request
ZIO HTTP Request represents a Http
request object
Accessing incoming Request
o Method.POST / "echo" -> handler { req:
Request =>
req.body.asString.map(Response.text(_))
}.sandbox
Query Params (Not part of the route)
o Method.GET / "search" -> handler { (req:
Request) =>
val queries: Option[String] =
req.queryParam("q")
...
final case class Request(
version: Version = Version.Default,
method: Method = Method.ANY,
url: URL = URL.empty,
headers: Headers = Headers.empty,
body: Body = Body.empty,
remoteAddress: Option[InetAddress] =
None,
remoteCertificate: Option[Certificate] =
None,
) extends HeaderOps[Request]
Request object](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ziohttpafunctionalapproachtoscalableandtype-safewebdevelopment-240624072624-820b1e94/85/ZIO-Http-A-Functional-Approach-to-Scalable-and-Type-Safe-Web-Development-9-320.jpg)
![Request Response Interception (Middleware)
Intercept HTTP requests and responses before they reach the handler.
Implement cross-cutting concerns like logging, validation.
Accepts a Routes and produces a new Routes.
Middleware can be chained together to form a processing pipeline for requests and responses.
trait Middleware[-UpperEnv] { self =>
def apply[Env1 <: UpperEnv, Err](app: Routes[Env1, Err]): Routes[Env1, Err]
...
private val logWithUserAgent: Middleware[Any] =
Middleware.logAnnotateHeaders(Header.UserAgent)
routes @@ requestLogging @@ logWithUserAgent](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ziohttpafunctionalapproachtoscalableandtype-safewebdevelopment-240624072624-820b1e94/85/ZIO-Http-A-Functional-Approach-to-Scalable-and-Type-Safe-Web-Development-10-320.jpg)
ZIO Http A Functional Approach to Scalable and Type-Safe Web Development
- 1. Exploring ZIO HTTP Presenter Name: Niloy Choudhury
- 2. Lack of etiquette and manners is a huge turn off. KnolX Etiquettes Punctuality Join the session 5 minutes prior to the session start time. We start on time and conclude on time! Feedback Make sure to submit a constructive feedback for all sessions as it is very helpful for the presenter. Silent Mode Keep your mobile devices in silent mode, feel free to move out of session in case you need to attend an urgent call. Avoid Disturbance Avoid unwanted chit chat during the session.
- 3. 1. What is ZIO HTTP Http servers in general Mechanisms offered by ZIO HTTP How to write ZIO HTTP server (syntax) 2. ZIO HTTP Routing 3. Handlers, Query Params and URL Path 4. Request Response Interception (Middleware) 5. Error Handling 6. Server configuration
- 4. • A powerful library for building robust and scalable HTTP servers. • ZIO Http offers a functional and type-safe approach to server development. • Promotes code that's easy to understand, maintain, and test.
- 5. Http servers in general Routing o Http Methods o Path Variable o Query Param o Parse Request Request Response Interception o Logging o Middleware Error Handling Server Configuration
- 6. • A powerful routing mechanism for defining how incoming requests map to specific handlers. • Routes are built using a DSL. • Plain data, description of route. • Not pattern matching or partial function.
- 7. Routes Routes o Models a collection of Route s final case class Routes[-Env, +Err](routes: Chunk[zio.http.Route[Env, Err]]) A Route consists of two parts: RoutePattern and Handler Method.GET / "hello" -> Handler.text("hello") sealed trait Route[-Env, +Err] o RoutePattern define how URLs map to handlers. o Patterns can include literal strings, wildcards for any path segment, and path parameters. o The Handler produces response to the matching request.
- 8. Handler A Handler is responsible for processing the matched incoming HTTP requests and generating appropriate response. sealed trait Handler[-R, +Err, -In, +Out] type RequestHandler[-R, +Err] = Handler[R, Err, Request, Response] o Function that takes a Request, including headers, body, and parameters. o Generates a Response object. o Response including status code, headers, and an optional body. Creating Handler o Using companion object Method.GET / "hello" -> Handler.text("hello !") Method.GET / "forbidden" -> Handler.error(Status.Forbidden) o Using smart constructor handler Method.GET / Root -> handler(Response.text("Greetings at your service"))
- 9. Request ZIO HTTP Request represents a Http request object Accessing incoming Request o Method.POST / "echo" -> handler { req: Request => req.body.asString.map(Response.text(_)) }.sandbox Query Params (Not part of the route) o Method.GET / "search" -> handler { (req: Request) => val queries: Option[String] = req.queryParam("q") ... final case class Request( version: Version = Version.Default, method: Method = Method.ANY, url: URL = URL.empty, headers: Headers = Headers.empty, body: Body = Body.empty, remoteAddress: Option[InetAddress] = None, remoteCertificate: Option[Certificate] = None, ) extends HeaderOps[Request] Request object
- 10. Request Response Interception (Middleware) Intercept HTTP requests and responses before they reach the handler. Implement cross-cutting concerns like logging, validation. Accepts a Routes and produces a new Routes. Middleware can be chained together to form a processing pipeline for requests and responses. trait Middleware[-UpperEnv] { self => def apply[Env1 <: UpperEnv, Err](app: Routes[Env1, Err]): Routes[Env1, Err] ... private val logWithUserAgent: Middleware[Any] = Middleware.logAnnotateHeaders(Header.UserAgent) routes @@ requestLogging @@ logWithUserAgent
- 11. Server Configuration ZIO HTTP server provides methods to install HTTP applications into the server. Offers a comprehensive Config class for control over server behavior, helps to configure o SSL/TLS o address binding o request decompression o response compression Serve routes using the Server.serve method o Server.serve(routes).provide(Server.default) Customizing config o Server.serve(ZIORoutes.routes) .provide(ZLayer.succeed(Server.Config.default.port(8081)), Server.live )