How to Add Columns and Rows in an R Data Frame

EXPANDING DATA FRAMES IN R
(ADDING COLUMNS AND ROWS)
Presented by
Ms Subhasheni A
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science
Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts & Science
Coimbatore

INTRODUCTION TO DATA FRAME EXPANSION
 Data frames in R are dynamic and can be
modified easily.
 Expansion involves adding new columns or
rows to existing data.
 Useful when combining datasets or appending
new results.

REVIEW - CREATING A DATA FRAME
emp_data <- data.frame(
ID = c(1, 2, 3),
Name = c("John", "Anna", "Peter"),
Salary = c(70000, 80000, 90000))

ADDING A COLUMN USING $ OPERATOR
 Add directly by assigning values to a new
column name:
 emp_data$Department <- c("HR", "Finance", "IT")
 Make sure the new column length matches the
number of rows.

ADDING A COLUMN USING CBIND()
 Bind column-wise:
 emp_data <- cbind(emp_data, Grade)
 cbind() is useful for combining columns from
other vectors/data frames.

ADDING A ROW USING RBIND()
 Create a row as a data frame:
 Example:
new_row <- data.frame(
ID = 4, Name = "Sara", Salary = 85000,
Department = "Admin",
Grade = "B")
emp_data <- rbind(emp_data, new_row)
 Column names and data types must match exactly.

COMMON ERRORS WHEN EXPANDING DATA FRAMES
 Mismatch in number of columns.
 Inconsistent data types (e.g., character vs
factor).
 Misspelled or unmatched column names.

CONCLUSION
 Use $ and cbind() to add columns.
 Use rbind() to add rows.
 Ensure data compatibility to avoid binding
errors.

How to Add Columns and Rows in an R Data Frame

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