SysProg-Tutor 03 Unix Shell Script Programming
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This document provides an outline for a tutor session on UNIX shell script programming. It introduces shells and shell scripts, and covers topics like variables, data operations, decision statements like if-else and switch-case, and iteration statements like for loops and while loops. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate different shell script programming concepts and syntax. Links to additional online resources on shell scripting are also included at the end.
![Tutor Session - 3
Getting Start Shell Script
Chulalongkorn
University (Cont)
Using vi command to create shell script file
Running shell script by using the command below
sh [file]
Example
$ vi test.sh
...
$ sh test.sh
11 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tutor03-unixshellscriptprogramming-130413144657-phpapp02/85/SysProg-Tutor-03-Unix-Shell-Script-Programming-11-320.jpg)
![Tutor Session - 3
Getting Start Shell Script
Chulalongkorn
University (Cont)
Interaction with user
Output value
echo [texts/variables]
Input value
read [variables]
Comment line
# your comments
12 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tutor03-unixshellscriptprogramming-130413144657-phpapp02/85/SysProg-Tutor-03-Unix-Shell-Script-Programming-12-320.jpg)
![Tutor Session - 3
Data Operation
Chulalongkorn
University (Cont)
Conditional Expressions
test [expression]
test returns a zero exit code if expression evaluates to true;
otherwise, nonzero exit status
test forms
-d filename True if filname exists as a directory file
-f filename True if filname exists as a nondirectory file
-l string True if length of string is nonzero
-n string True if string contains at least one character
16 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tutor03-unixshellscriptprogramming-130413144657-phpapp02/85/SysProg-Tutor-03-Unix-Shell-Script-Programming-16-320.jpg)
![Tutor Session - 3
Decision Statement
Chulalongkorn
University
If-else statement
if [condition]
then [result]
elif [condition]
then [result]
else
[result]
fi
19 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tutor03-unixshellscriptprogramming-130413144657-phpapp02/85/SysProg-Tutor-03-Unix-Shell-Script-Programming-19-320.jpg)
![Tutor Session - 3
Decision Statement
Chulalongkorn
University (Cont)
Example
if test -r file1
then echo "file1"
elif [ -r file2 ] test –r file2
then cp file2 file3
echo "file2 copy to file3"
else
echo "no file"
fi
More the examples by yourself
20 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tutor03-unixshellscriptprogramming-130413144657-phpapp02/85/SysProg-Tutor-03-Unix-Shell-Script-Programming-20-320.jpg)
![Tutor Session - 3
Decision Statement
Chulalongkorn
University (Cont)
Switch-case statement
case $var in
value1) [result] ;;
value2) [result] ;;
...
*) [result] ;;
Default case
esac
21 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tutor03-unixshellscriptprogramming-130413144657-phpapp02/85/SysProg-Tutor-03-Unix-Shell-Script-Programming-21-320.jpg)
![Tutor Session - 3
Iteration Statement
Chulalongkorn
University
For statement
for var {in [word]+}
do
[result]
done
Iterate the value of the variable var through each word in the word
list
Evaluate the command in list after each iteration
If no word is supplied, $@ ($1 ..) is used instead
A break command causes the loop to terminate
A continue command causes the loop to jump to the next iteration
23 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tutor03-unixshellscriptprogramming-130413144657-phpapp02/85/SysProg-Tutor-03-Unix-Shell-Script-Programming-23-320.jpg)
![Tutor Session - 3
Iteration Statement
Chulalongkorn
University (Cont)
While statement
while [condition]
do test $var1 –opt $var2
[result]
done
25 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tutor03-unixshellscriptprogramming-130413144657-phpapp02/85/SysProg-Tutor-03-Unix-Shell-Script-Programming-25-320.jpg)
![Tutor Session - 3
See More
Chulalongkorn
University
[1] http://www.grymoire.com/Unix/Sh.html
[2] http://www.ooblick.com/text/sh/
[3] http://www.injunea.demon.co.uk/pages/page204.htm
27 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tutor03-unixshellscriptprogramming-130413144657-phpapp02/85/SysProg-Tutor-03-Unix-Shell-Script-Programming-27-320.jpg)
SysProg-Tutor 03 Unix Shell Script Programming
- 1. Tutor Session - 3 Chulalongkorn Tutor Session III: UNIX Shell Script University Programming Wongyos Keardsri (P’Bank) Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, Thailand Mobile Phone: 089-5993490 E-mail: [email protected], MSN: [email protected] Twitter: @wongyos 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 2. Tutor Session - 3 Tutor Outline Chulalongkorn University Introduction to Shell Data Operations Shell Decision Statements Shell Script If-else Variables Switch-case Creating/Assigning Iteration Statement Accessing For Setting While Getting Start Shell Script Include shell Create shell Run shell 2 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 3. Tutor Session - 3 Introduction to Shell Chulalongkorn University What is the shell or Unix shell? A command-line interpreter and script host that provides a traditional user interface for the Unix operating system and for Unix-like systems There are many shells; sh, bash, ksh, csh, zsh, … Bourne Shell (sh) Written by Stephen Bourne Was the 1st popular Unix shell 3 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 4. Tutor Session - 3 Introduction to Shell Chulalongkorn University (Cont) Bourne Shell (sh) (Cont) Available on all Unix systems Supports a fairly versatile programming language A subset of more powerful Korn shell (ksh) Implement with regular C programming Executable file is stored as /bin/sh 4 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 5. Tutor Session - 3 Variables Chulalongkorn University Creating and assigning a variable name=value No spaces Printing/Showing a variable value echo $name With spaces Setting environment variable export NAME Read only variable readonly name 5 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 6. Tutor Session - 3 Variables Chulalongkorn University Example $ age=15 $ nickname=Bank $ echo I'm $nickname, $age years old More an examples by yourself 6 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 7. Tutor Session - 3 Variables Chulalongkorn University (Cont) Accessing a variable Syntax Action $name Replaced by the value of name. ${name} Replaced by the value of name. ${name-word} Replaced by the value of name if set, and word otherwise. ${name+word} Replaced by word if name is set, and nothing otherwise. ${name=word} Assign word to the variable name if name is not already set and then replaced by the value of name. ${name?word} Replaced by name if name is set. If name is not set, word is displayed to the standard error and the shell is exited. 7 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 8. Tutor Session - 3 Variables Chulalongkorn University (Cont) Example $ verb=sing $ echo I like $verbing I like $ echo I like ${verb}ing I like singing More an examples by yourself 8 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 9. Tutor Session - 3 Getting Start Shell Script Chulalongkorn University What is the shell script? Similar to DOS batch files Quick and simple programming Text file interpreted by shell, effectively new command List of shell commands to be run sequentially Typical operations for file manipulation, program execution, and printing text 9 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 10. Tutor Session - 3 Getting Start Shell Script Chulalongkorn University (Cont) Include full path to interpreter (shell) #!/path/shell Example #!/bin/sh #!/usr/bin/sh #!/bin/csh -f 10 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 11. Tutor Session - 3 Getting Start Shell Script Chulalongkorn University (Cont) Using vi command to create shell script file Running shell script by using the command below sh [file] Example $ vi test.sh ... $ sh test.sh 11 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 12. Tutor Session - 3 Getting Start Shell Script Chulalongkorn University (Cont) Interaction with user Output value echo [texts/variables] Input value read [variables] Comment line # your comments 12 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 13. Tutor Session - 3 Getting Start Shell Script Chulalongkorn University (Cont) Special Variables $# Number of arguments on command line $0 Name that script was called as $1-$9 Command line arguments $* All arguments $@ All arguments (separately quoted) $? Numeric result code of previous command $$ Process ID of this running script 13 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 14. Tutor Session - 3 Getting Start Shell Script Chulalongkorn University (Cont) Example $ cat example1.sh echo there are $# command line arguments: $@ $ sh example1.sh there are 0 command line arguments: $ sh example1.sh x y z there are 3 command line arguments: x y z More an examples by yourself 14 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 15. Tutor Session - 3 Data Operation Chulalongkorn University Operators Operators Meaning * / % multiplication, division, remainder + - addition, subtraction = != > < >= <= comparison operators & logical and | logical or Using expr to excute operators expr $va1 op $var2 15 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 16. Tutor Session - 3 Data Operation Chulalongkorn University (Cont) Conditional Expressions test [expression] test returns a zero exit code if expression evaluates to true; otherwise, nonzero exit status test forms -d filename True if filname exists as a directory file -f filename True if filname exists as a nondirectory file -l string True if length of string is nonzero -n string True if string contains at least one character 16 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 17. Tutor Session - 3 Data Operation Chulalongkorn University (Cont) test forms (Cont) -r filename True if filname exists as a readable file -w filename True if filname exists as a writable file -x filename True if filname exists as an executable file -z string True if string contains no characters str1 = str2 True if str1 is equal to str2 str1 != str2 True if str1 is not equal to str2 string True if string is not null int1 -eq int2 True if int1 is equal to int2 int1 -ne int2 True if int1 is not equal to int2 int1 -gt int2 True if int1 is greater than int2 17 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 18. Tutor Session - 3 Data Operation Chulalongkorn University (Cont) test forms (Cont) int1 -ge int2 True if int1 is greater than or equal to int2 int1 -lt int2 True if int1 is less than int2 int1 -le int2 True if int1 is less than or equalt to int2 !expr True if expr is false expr1 -a expr2 True if ezpr1 and expr2 are true expr1 -o expr2 True if ezpr1 or expr2 are true 18 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 19. Tutor Session - 3 Decision Statement Chulalongkorn University If-else statement if [condition] then [result] elif [condition] then [result] else [result] fi 19 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 20. Tutor Session - 3 Decision Statement Chulalongkorn University (Cont) Example if test -r file1 then echo "file1" elif [ -r file2 ] test –r file2 then cp file2 file3 echo "file2 copy to file3" else echo "no file" fi More the examples by yourself 20 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 21. Tutor Session - 3 Decision Statement Chulalongkorn University (Cont) Switch-case statement case $var in value1) [result] ;; value2) [result] ;; ... *) [result] ;; Default case esac 21 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 22. Tutor Session - 3 Decision Statement Chulalongkorn University (Cont) Example case $day in Monday ) echo "A new week" ;; Saturday | Sunday ) echo "Free" ;; Friday ) echo "Hooray !!" ;; * ) echo "It is $DAY" ;; esac More the examples by yourself 22 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 23. Tutor Session - 3 Iteration Statement Chulalongkorn University For statement for var {in [word]+} do [result] done Iterate the value of the variable var through each word in the word list Evaluate the command in list after each iteration If no word is supplied, $@ ($1 ..) is used instead A break command causes the loop to terminate A continue command causes the loop to jump to the next iteration 23 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 24. Tutor Session - 3 Iteration Statement Chulalongkorn University (Cont) Example for color in red yellow green blue do echo one color is $color done for x do echo x = $x done More the examples by yourself 24 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 25. Tutor Session - 3 Iteration Statement Chulalongkorn University (Cont) While statement while [condition] do test $var1 –opt $var2 [result] done 25 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 26. Tutor Session - 3 Iteration Statement Chulalongkorn University (Cont) Example while true do who | grep u51xxx sleep 30 done More the examples by yourself x=1 while test $x -le 10 do echo x is $x x=`expr $x + 1` done 26 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 27. Tutor Session - 3 See More Chulalongkorn University [1] http://www.grymoire.com/Unix/Sh.html [2] http://www.ooblick.com/text/sh/ [3] http://www.injunea.demon.co.uk/pages/page204.htm 27 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)
- 28. Tutor Session - 3 End Chulalongkorn University Question ? … Answer 28 2110313 Operating Systems and System Programs (1/2010)