Sql database development part 1

Overview
 Define a database using SQL data definition language
 Work with Views
 Write single table queries
 Establish referential integrity

SQL Overview
 Structured Query Language
 The standard for relational database management
systems (RDBMS)
 SQL-92 and SQL-99 Standards – Purpose:
 Specify syntax/semantics for data definition and

manipulation
 Define data structures
 Enable portability
 Specify minimal (level 1) and complete (level 2)
standards

What Is SQL Developer?
 SQL Developer is a graphical tool that enhances

productivity and simplifies database development tasks.
 You can connect to any target database schema by using
standard database authentication.

SQL Developer

Specifications of SQL Developer
 Developed in Java

 Supports Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X platforms
 Default connectivity by using the JDBC Thin driver
 Does not require an installer
 Unzip the downloaded SQL Developer kit and double-click
sqldeveloper.exe to start SQL Developer.

 Connects to Oracle Database version 9.2.0.1 and later
 Freely downloadable from the following link:
 http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/database/sql_develop
er/index.html
 Needs JDK 1.5 installed on your system that can be

downloaded from the following link:


http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index_jdk5.jsp

Installing SQL Developer
 Download the Oracle SQL Developer kit and unzip it

into any directory on your machine.

Creating a Database Connection
 You must have at least one database connection to use

SQL Developer.
 You can create and test connections for:



Multiple databases
Multiple schemas

 SQL Developer automatically imports any connections

defined in the tnsnames.ora file on your system.
 You can export connections to an Extensible Markup
Language (XML) file.
 Each additional database connection created is listed in
the Connections Navigator hierarchy.

Creating a Database Connection
1
2

3

SQL Environment
 Catalog
 A set of schemas that constitute the description of a database

 Schema
 The structure that contains descriptions of objects created by

a user (base tables, views, constraints)

 Data Definition Language (DDL)
 Commands that define a database, including creating,

altering, and dropping tables and establishing constraints

 Data Manipulation Language (DML)
 Commands that maintain and query a database

 Data Control Language (DCL)
 Commands that control a database, including administering

privileges and committing data

SQL Data types
 String types
 CHAR(n) – fixed-length character data, n characters long Maximum

length = 2000 bytes
 VARCHAR2(n) – variable length character data, maximum 4000 bytes
 LONG – variable-length character data, up to 4GB. Maximum 1 per
table

 Numeric types
 NUMBER(p,q) – general purpose numeric data type
 INTEGER(p) – signed integer, p digits wide
 FLOAT(p) – floating point in scientific notation with p binary digits

precision

 Date/time type
 DATE – fixed-length date/time in dd-mm-yy form

Design components
 Tables

 Indexes
 Views
 Transactions

 Access Authorities
 Stored Procedures
 Functions

Sql database development part 1

SQL Database Definition
 Data Definition Language (DDL)
 Major CREATE statements:
 CREATE SCHEMA – defines a portion of the database

owned by a particular user
 CREATE TABLE – defines a table and its columns
 CREATE VIEW – defines a logical table from one or
more views

 Other CREATE statements: CHARACTER SET,

COLLATION, TRANSLATION, ASSERTION,
DOMAIN

Sample CREATE VIEW
CREATE VIEW EXPENSIVE_STUFF_V AS
SELECT PRODUCT_ID, PRODUCT_NAME, UNIT_PRICE
FROM PRODUCT_T
WHERE UNIT_PRICE >300
WITH CHECK_OPTION;

View has a name
View is based on a SELECT statement
CHECK_OPTION works only for updateable views and
prevents updates that would create rows not included in
the view

Changing and Removing Tables
 ALTER TABLE statement allows you to change column

specifications:
 ALTER TABLE CUSTOMER_T ADD (TYPE

VARCHAR(2))

 DROP TABLE statement allows you to remove tables

from your schema:
 DROP TABLE CUSTOMER_T

Schema Definition
 Control processing/storage efficiency:






Choice of indexes
File organizations for base tables
File organizations for indexes
Data clustering
Statistics maintenance

 Creating indexes
 Speed up random/sequential access to base table data
 Example
 CREATE INDEX NAME_IDX ON
CUSTOMER_T(CUSTOMER_NAME)
 This makes an index for the CUSTOMER_NAME field of the
CUSTOMER_T table

Thank You
 http://www.sql-programmers.com/new-sql-database-development.aspx

Sql database development part 1

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