Relational RDBMS : MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQL SERVER

Relational RDBMS
MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQL SERVER
Dalila CHOUAYA
2021-2022

PLAN
Introduction
MySQL
Definition
My SQL’s Supported Data Types
Advantages & Disadvantages
When To Use My SQL
When To Not Use My SQL
Postgre SQL
Definition
My Postgre SQL’s Supported Data Types
Advantages & Disadvantages
When To Use Postgre SQL
When To Not Use Postgre SQL
Microsoft SQL Server
Definition
My Postgre SQL’s Supported Data Types
Advantages // Disadvantages
DB Management systems comparison
Conclusion 1

Introduction
The relational data model, which organizes data in tables of rows and columns,
predominates in database management tools. Today there are other data models,
including NoSQL and NewSQL, but relational database management systems (RDBMSs)
remain dominant for storing and managing data worldwide.
This presentation compares and contrasts three of the most widely implemented open-
source RDBMSs : SQLServer, MySQL, and PostgreSQL. Specifically, it will explore the
data types that each RDBMS uses, their advantages and disadvantages, and situations
where they are best optimized.
2

MySQL
According to the DB-Engines Ranking, MySQL has been the most popular open-source RDBMS since
the site began tracking database popularity in 2012. It is a feature-rich product that powers many of
the world’s largest websites and applications, including Twitter, Facebook, Netflix, and Spotify. Getting
started with MySQL is relatively straightforward, thanks in large part to its exhaustive documentation
and large community of developers, as well as the abundance of MySQL-related resources online.
MySQL was designed for speed and reliability, at
the expense of full adherence to standard SQL.
The MySQL developers continually work towards
closer adherence to standard SQL, but it still lags
behind other SQL implementations. It does,
however, come with various SQL modes and
extensions that bring it closer to compliance. 3

MySQL
MySQL has inspired a wealth of third-party applications, tools, and integrated libraries
that extend its functionality and help make it easier to work with. Some of the more
widely-used of these third-party tools are phpMyAdmin, DBeaver, and HeidiSQL.
Unlike applications using SQLite, applications using a MySQL database access it through
a separate daemon process. Because the server process stands between the database
and other applications, it allows for greater control over who has access to the database.
4

MySQL
MySQL’s Supported Data Types
MySQL’s data types can be organized into three broad categories: numeric types, date and
time types, and string types.
Numeric types:
5

MySQL
Numeric types:
6

MySQL
Date and time types:
7

MySQL
String types:
8

MySQL
String types:
9

MySQL
Disadvantages
★ Known limitations : Designed for
speed and ease of use rather
than full SQL compliance,
★ Licensing and proprietary
features : Dual-licensed
software, with a free and open-
source community edition
licensed under GPLv2
★ Slowed development: acquired
by Sun Microsystems in 2008,
and later by Oracle Corporation
in 2009,
Advantages
★ Popularity and ease of use:
there’s no shortage of
database administrators who
have experience working
with MySQL.
★ Security : comes installed
with a script that helps you
to improve the security of
your database by setting the
installation’s...
★ Speed : Developers able to
prioritize speed.
★ Replication: Supports a
number of different types of
replication.
10

MySQL
● Distributed operations: MySQL’s replication support makes it a great choice for
distributed database setups like primary-secondary or primary-primary architectures.
● Websites and web applications: MySQL powers many websites and applications across
the internet. This is, in large part, thanks to how easy it is to install and set up a MySQL
database, as well as its overall speed and scalability in the long run.
● Expected future growth: MySQL’s replication support can help facilitate horizontal
scaling. Additionally, it’s a relatively straightforward process to upgrade to a commercial
MySQL product, like MySQL Cluster, which supports automatic sharding, another
horizontal scaling process.
When To Use MySQL
11

MySQL
● SQL compliance is necessary: Since MySQL does not try to implement the full SQL
standard, this tool is not completely SQL compliant. If complete or even near-complete
SQL compliance is a must for your use case, you may want to use a more fully compliant
DBMS.
● Concurrency and large data volumes: Although MySQL generally performs well with
read-heavy operations, concurrent read-writes can be problematic. If your application will
have many users writing data to it at once, another RDBMS like PostgreSQL might be a
better choice of database.
When Not To Use MySQL
12

Postgre SQL
Postgre SQL also known as Postgres, is a free and open-source relational database management
system (RDBMS) emphasizing extensibility and SQL compliance. It was originally named
POSTGRES, referring to its origins as a successor to the Ingres database developed at the University
of California, Berkeley.In 1996, the project was renamed to PostgreSQL to reflect its support for SQL.
After a review in 2007, the development team decided to keep the name PostgreSQL and the alias
Postgres.
It is designed to handle a range of
workloads, from single machines to
data warehouses or Web services with
many concurrent users. It is the default
database for macOS Server and is
also available for Windows, Linux,
FreeBSD, and OpenBSD.
PostgreSQL features transactions with
Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
(ACID) properties, automatically updatable
views, materialized views, triggers, foreign
keys, and stored procedures
13

Postgre SQL
Postgres is capable of efficiently handling multiple tasks at the same time, a characteristic known
as concurrency. It achieves this without read locks thanks to its implementation of Multiversion
Concurrency Control (MVCC), which ensures the atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability of
its transactions, also known as ACID compliance.
PostgreSQL isn’t as widely used as MySQL, but there are still a number of third-party tools and
libraries designed to simplify working with with PostgreSQL, including pgAdmin and Postbird.
14

Postgre SQL’s Supported Data Types
PostgreSQL supports numeric, string, and date and time data types like MySQL. In addition, it
supports data types for geometric shapes, network addresses, bit strings, text searches, and
JSON entries, as well as several idiosyncratic data types.
Numeric types:
Postgre SQL
15

Character types:
Postgre SQL
16

Date and time types:
Postgre SQL
17

Geometric types:
Postgre SQL
18

Network address types:
Postgre SQL
Bit string types:
19

Text search types:
Postgre SQL
JSON types:
20

Other data types:
Postgre SQL
21

Postgre SQL
Disadvantages
★ Memory performance : For
every new client connection,
PostgreSQL forks a new
process. Each new process
is allocated about 10MB of
memory, which can add up
quickly for databases with
lots of connections.
★ Popularity : Although more
widely used in recent years,
PostgreSQL historically
lagged behind MySQL in
terms of popularity.
Advantages
★ SQL compliance : Supports
160 out of the 179 features
required for full core SQL.
★ Open-source and community-
driven : Developed by a large
and devoted community.
★ Extensible : Users can extend
PostgreSQL programmatically
and on the fly through its
catalog-driven operation and
its use of dynamic loading.
22

Postgre SQL
● Data integrity is important: PostgreSQL has been fully ACID-compliant since 2001 and
implements multiversion currency control to ensure that data remains consistent, making it a
strong choice of RDBMS when data integrity is critical.
● Integration with other tools: PostgreSQL is compatible with a wide array of programming
languages and platforms. This means that if you ever need to migrate your database to another
operating system or integrate it with a specific tool, it will likely be easier with a PostgreSQL
database than with another DBMS.
● Complex operations: Postgres supports query plans that can leverage multiple CPUs in order
to answer queries with greater speed. This, coupled with its strong support for multiple
concurrent writers, makes it a great choice for complex operations like data warehousing and
online transaction processing.
When To Use PostgreSQL
23

Postgre SQL
● Speed is imperative: At the expense of speed, PostgreSQL was designed with extensibility and
compatibility in mind. If your project requires the fastest read operations possible, PostgreSQL
may not be the best choice of DBMS.
● Simple setups: Because of its large feature set and strong adherence to standard SQL,
Postgres can be overkill for simple database setups. For read-heavy operations where speed is
required, MySQL is typically a more practical choice.
● Complex replication: Although PostgreSQL does provide strong support for replication, it’s still
a relatively new feature and some configurations — like a primary-primary architecture — are
only possible with extensions. Replication is a more mature feature on MySQL and many users
see MySQL’s replication to be easier to implement, particularly for those who lack the requisite
database and system administration experience.
When Not To Use MySQL
24

Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft. As
a database server, it is a software product with the primary function of storing and retrieving data
as requested by other software applications—which may run either on the same computer or on
another computer across a network (including the Internet). Microsoft markets at least a dozen
different editions of Microsoft SQL Server, aimed at different audiences and for workloads ranging
from small single-machine applications to large Internet-facing applications with many concurrent
users.
25

MsSQL’s Supported Data Types
26

27

28

Disadvantages
★ Cost-consuming : Being mostly
used at enterprise scale, MSSQL
Server remains one of the most
expensive solutions.
★ Unclear and floating license
conditions.
★ Complicated tuning process :
For those beginners who have to
operate heavy data sets,
working with query optimization
and performance tuning may be
problematic.
Advantages
★ Variety of versions : Provides
a wide choice of different
options with diverse
functionalities.
★ End-to-end business data
solution : Developed by a
large and devoted
community.
★ Rich documentation and
community assistance.
★ Cloud database support :
Being a part of the consistent
Microsoft ecosystem, MSSQL
can be integrated with
Microsoft cloud, Azure SQL
29

DB management systems comparison
DB management systems comparison
30

Conclusion
Today, SQLite, MySQL, and PostgreSQL are the three most popular open-
source relational database management systems in the world. Each has its
own unique features and limitations, and excels in particular scenarios.
There are a quite a few variables at play when deciding on an RDBMS,
and the choice is rarely as simple as picking the fastest one or the one with
the most features.
31

Relational RDBMS : MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQL SERVER

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