Programming Under Linux In Python
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This document provides an overview of the Python programming language, including its history, key features, syntax examples, and common uses. It also discusses how Python can be used under Linux and some potential issues.
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Programming Under Linux In Python
- 1. Programming Under Linux In Python Marwan Osman [email_address]
- 2. Agenda What is Python ???
- 6. What is Python ??? What is Python ???
- 10. History Created by Guido von Rossum in 1990 (BDFL)
- 11. named after Monty Python's Flying Circus
- 14. Now works for Google
- 15. What is Python ??? general-purpose high-level programming language, often used as a scripting language.
- 17. incorporates modules, exceptions, dynamic typing, very high level dynamic data types, and classes, automatic memory management.
- 18. remarkable power with very clear syntax.
- 19. has interfaces to many system calls and libraries, as well as to various window systems, and is extensible in C or C++.
- 20. usable as an extension language for applications that need a programmable interface.
- 21. What is Python ??? supports multiple programming paradigms (primarily object oriented, imperative, and functional)
- 22. portable: runs on many Unix variants, on the Mac, and on PCs under MS-DOS, Windows, Windows NT, OS/2, FreeBSD Solaris, OS/2, Amiga,AROS, AS/400, BeOS, OS/390, z/OS, Palm OS, QNX, VMS, Psion, Acorn RISC OS, VxWorks, PlayStation, Sharp Zaurus, Windows CE and even PocketPC !
- 23. What is Python ??? Developed and supported by a large team of volunteers - Python Software Foundation
- 24. Major implementations: CPython, Jython, Iron Python, PyPy CPython - implemented in C, the primary implementation
- 25. Jython - implemented for the JVM
- 26. Pypy - implemented in Python
- 27. IronPython - implemented in C#, allows python to use the .NET libraries
- 28. Why Python ??? What is Python ???
- 29. Why Python ???
- 31. Linux and Python
- 32. Why Python ??? Readability, maintainability, very clear readable syntax
- 33. Fast development and all just works the first time...
- 34. very high level dynamic data types
- 35. Dynamic typing and automatic memory management
- 36. Paradigm of your choice
- 37. Free and open source Implemented under an open source license. Freely usable and distributable, even for commercial use. Simplicity , Great first language
- 40. Why Python ??? GUI support – GUIs typically developed with Tk
- 43. Natural expression of procedural code
- 44. Full modularity, supporting hierarchical packages
- 46. The ability to be embedded within applications as a scripting interface
- 47. Scalable – can play nicely with other languages
- 48. Batteries Included The Python standard library is very extensive regular expressions, codecs
- 49. date and time, collections, theads and mutexs
- 50. OS and shell level functions (mv, rm, ls)
- 51. Support for SQLite and Berkley databases
- 52. zlib, gzip, bz2, tarfile, csv, xml, md5, sha
- 53. logging, subprocess, email, json
- 54. httplib, imaplib, nntplib, smtplib
- 55. and much, much more ...
- 56. Python Libraries Biopython - Bioinformatics
- 57. SciPy - Linear algebra, signal processing
- 58. NumPy - Fast compact multidimensional arrays
- 59. PyGame - Game Development
- 60. Visual Python - real-time 3D output
- 61. Django - High-level python Web framework
- 62. and much more ...
- 63. E.g. Projects with Python Websites: Google, YouTube, Yahoo Groups & Maps, CIA.gov Appengine: http://code.google.com/appengine/
- 64. ” Google: Python has been an important part of Google since the beginning.”, Peter Norvig.
- 65. Python application servers and Python scripting to create the web UI for BigTable (their database project) Systems: NASA, LALN, CERN, Rackspace Nasa Nebula http://nebula.nasa.gov/about Games: Civilization 4, Quark (Quake Army Knife)
- 66. Mobile phones: Nokia S60 (Symbian), PythonCE
- 67. P2P: BitTorrent
- 68. Python Problems Scripting-like language and compiled and runtime - hence slower than C/C+ + and slightly slower than Java
- 69. Memory economy hard to achieve (high level data-structures)
- 70. Relies on a locking mechanism called the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) in multi-threading
- 71. Turn Arounds Write extension libraries in C or C++
- 72. Use multiple processes instead of multiple threads
- 73. Use a different language
- 75. Syntax Walkthroughs What is Python ???
- 76. Why Python ???
- 78. Linux and Python
- 79. Hello World Python 2.6 Python 3.0 print (“Hello World”) print “Hello World”
- 80. Basics Numbers: Integers: 4 , 8 , 15, 16 , 23 , 42 ,108
- 81. Floating point: 4.23 , 42.8E-4
- 82. Complex Numbers: -5+4j , 2.3 – 4.6j Strings Immutable , Unicode by default
- 83. Single quotes, double quotes ,triple quotes (multiline)
- 84. 'Hello Word' , ”Hello World” , '''Hello World''' , ”””Hello World”””
- 85. Concatenation : 'What\'s ' 'your name?'
- 86. automatically converted in to "What's your name?”
- 87. Strings: format() >>>age = 25 >>>name = 'Swaroop' >>> print ( '{0} is {1} years old' .format(name, age)) Swaroop is 25 years old >>> '{0:.3}' .format( 1 / 3 ) '0.333' >>> '{0:_^11}' .format( 'hello' ) '___hello___' >>> '{name} wrote {book}' .format(name= 'Swaroop' , book= 'A Byte of Python' ) 'Swaroop wrote A Byte of Python'
- 88. Variables Naming identifiers: The first character be a letter of the alphabet (uppercase ASCII or lowercase ASCII or Unicode character) or an underscore ('_').
- 89. The rest of the identifier name can consist of letters (uppercase ASCII or lowercase ASCII or Unicode character), underscores ('_') or digits (0-9).
- 90. Identifier names are case-sensitive. For example, myname and myName are not the same.
- 91. Valid identifier e.g.: i, __my_name, name_23, a1b2_c3, resumÃÆâ€TMƢ€™Ãƒ¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚©_count. invalid identifier e.g.: 2things, my-name
- 92. Indentation Python uses whitespace to determine blocks of code def greet (person): if person == “Tim”: print (“Hello Master”) else : print (“Hello {name}”.format(name=person))
- 93. Control Flow if guess == number: #do something elif guess < number: #do something else else : #do something else while True : #do something #break when done break else : #do something when the loop ends for i in range( 1 , 5 ): print (i) else : print ( 'The for loop is over' ) #1,2,3,4 for i in range( 1 , 5 , 2 ): print (i) else : print ( 'The for loop is over' ) #1,3
- 94. Data Structures List Mutable data type, array-like
- 95. [1, 2, 4, “Hello”, False]
- 96. list.sort() ,list.append() ,len(list), list[i] Tuple Immutable data type, faster than lists
- 97. (1, 2, 3, “Hello”, False) Dictionary {42: “The answer”, “key”: “value”} Set ([“list”, “of”, “values”])
- 98. Functions Order is important unless using the name
- 99. Default arguments are supported def sayHello (): print ( 'Hello World!' ) def foo (name, age, address) : pass foo( 'Tim' , address= 'Home' , age= 36 ) def greet (name= 'World' )
- 100. Functions Variable length args acceptable as a list or dict def total (initial= 5 , *numbers, **keywords): count = initial for number in numbers: count += number for key in keywords: count += keywords[key] return count print (total( 10 , 1 , 2 , 3 , vegetables= 50 , fruits= 100 ))
- 101. Functions def printMax (x, y): '''Prints the maximum of two numbers. The two values must be integers.''' x = int(x) # convert to integers, if possible y = int(y) if x > y: r eturn x else : r eturn y printMax( 3 , 5 )
- 102. Modules Any python file is considered a module
- 103. Modules can be imported or run by themselves if __name__ == '__main__' : print ( 'This program is being run by itself' ) else : print ( 'I am being imported from another module' )
- 104. Modules #!/usr/bin/python # Filename: mymodule_demo.py import mymodule mymodule.sayhi() print ( 'Version' , mymodule.__version__) #!/usr/bin/python # Filename: mymodule.py def sayhi (): print ( 'Hi, this is mymodule speaking.' ) __version__ = '0.1' # End of mymodule.py
- 105. OOP class MyClass : """This is a docstring.""" name = "Eric" def say (self): return ( 'My name is {0}' .format(name)) instance = MyClass() print instance.say()
- 106. OOP class Person : def __init__ (self, name): self.name = name def __del__ (self): print ( 'deleting this person' ,self.name) def sayHi (self): print ( 'Hello, my name is' , self.name) p = Person( 'Swaroop' ) p.sayHi() del p
- 107. OOP All class members (including the data members) are public and all the methods are virtual in Python.
- 108. Double undersocre prefix turns them private e.g.: __privatevar, Inheritance
- 109. MetaClasses class SchoolMember (metaclass=ABCMeta): @abstractmethod def tell (self): pass class Teacher (SchoolMember):
- 110. Input & Output #input something = input( 'Enter text: ' ) #output print (something)
- 111. Files myString = ”This is a test string” f = open( 'test.txt' , 'w' ) # open for 'w'riting f.write(myString) # write text to file f.close() # close the file f = open( 'test.txt' ) #read mode while True : line = f.readline() if len(line) == 0 : # Zero length indicates EOF break print (line, end= '' ) f.close() # close the file
- 112. Pickle import pickle shoplistfile = 'shoplist.data' shoplist = [ 'apple' , 'mango' , 'carrot' ] f = open(shoplistfile, 'wb' ) pickle.dump(shoplist, f) # dump the object to a file f.close() del shoplist # destroy the shoplist variable f = open(shoplistfile, 'rb' ) storedlist = pickle.load(f) # load the object from the file print (storedlist)
- 113. More … Exception Handling
- 114. Standard Library
- 115. Passing Tuples
- 116. Logging Module
- 117. Linux and Python What is Python ???
- 118. Why Python ???
- 119. Syntax Walkthroughs
- 120. Linux and Python
- 121. Linux and Python Installed by default in most distros
- 122. Various editors Text editors, IDLE , plugins for eclipse & Netbeans Embeddable in many applications as scripting interface Rhythmbox, Blender, OpenOffice, BitTorrent, ...
- 123. Linux and Python ” Talk is cheap. Show me the code.” Linus Torvalds
- 124. Demos Backup Script
- 126. Simple Spell Checker
- 127. Python Virus
- 128. Open Office Script
- 130. Basic Twitter client
- 131. Open Office macro script for python syntax Highlighing Demo #!usr/bin/python #Send a new Tweet from getpass import getpass import tweepy username = raw_input( 'Twitter username: ' ) password = getpass( 'Twitter password: ' ) basic_auth = tweepy.BasicAuthHandler(username, password) api = tweepy.API(basic_auth) api.update_status( "Hello Twitter !!! I'm a Pythoneer" )
- 134. Learn Python in 10 minutes: http://www.poromenos.org/tutorials/python
- 135. Byte of Python: http://www.swaroopch.com/notes/Python
- 136. Dive Into Python: http://diveintopython.org/
- 137. Google
- 138. Any Questions ???
- 139. Thank You