Programming Fundamentals and Programming Languages Concepts Translators
- 1. Translators • A translator is a computer program that performs the translation of a program written in a given programming language into a functionally equivalent program in a different computer language, without losing the functional or logical structure of the original code • These include translations between high-level and human-readable computer languages such as C++ and Java , intermediate-level languages such as Java byte code, low-level languages such as the assembly language and machine code,
- 2. Types of Translators Assembler: • An assembler translates assembly language into machine code. Interpreter: • An interpreter program executes other programs directly, running through program code and executing it line-by-line. Compiler: • A Compiler is a computer program that translates code written in a high level language to a lower level language, object/machine code.
- 3. Simple C Program /* A first C Program*/ #include <stdio.h> void main() { printf("Hello World n"); }
- 4. Simple C Program /* A first C Program*/ #include <stdio.h> #include <conio.h> void main() { printf("Hello World n"); getch(); }
- 5. Simple C Program • Line 1: #include <stdio.h> • As part of compilation, the C compiler runs a program called the C preprocessor. The preprocessor is able to add and remove code from your source file. • In this case, the directive #include tells the preprocessor to include code from the file stdio.h. • This file contains declarations for functions that the program needs to use. A declaration for the print function is in this file.
- 6. Simple C Program • Line 2: void main() • This statement declares the main function. • C program can contain many functions but must always have one main function. • A function is a self-contained module of code that can accomplish some task. • "void" specifies the return type of main. In this case, nothing is returned to the operating system.
- 7. Simple C Program • Line 3: { • This opening bracket denotes the start of the program.
- 8. Simple C Program • Line 4: printf("Hello Worldn"); • printf is a function from a standard C library that is used to print strings to the standard output, normally your screen. • The "n" is a special format modifier that tells the printf to put a line feed at the end of the line. • If there were another printf in this program, its string would print on the next line.
- 9. Simple C Program • Line 5: } • This closing bracket denotes the end of the program.
- 10. Basics of C Environment • C systems consist of 3 parts • Environment • Language • C Standard Library • Development environment has 6 phases Edit - Writing the source code by using some IDE or editor Pre-processor - Already available routines Compile - translates or converts source to object code for a specific platform ie., source code -> object code Link - resolves external references and produces the executable module Load – put the program into the memory Execute – runs the program
- 11. Basics of C Environment Editor DiskPhase 1 Program edited in Editor and stored on disk Preprocessor DiskPhase 2 Preprocessor program processes the code Compiler DiskPhase 3 Creates object code and stores on disk Linker DiskPhase 4 Links object code with libraries and stores on disk
- 12. Basics of C Environment LoaderPhase 5 Puts program in memory Primary memory CPUPhase 6 Takes each instruction and executes it storing new data values Primary memory
- 13. Executing a C Program Steps involved in execution are • Creating the program • Compiling the program • Linking the program with functions that are needed from the C library • Executing the program
- 14. Executing a C Program Edit Program Source Code Compile Object Code Link Object Code Executable Library Files
Editor's Notes
- #2: C is called a structured programming language because to solve a large problem, C programming language divides the problem into smaller modules called functions or procedures each of which handles a perticular responsibility.
- #3: C is called a structured programming language because to solve a large problem, C programming language divides the problem into smaller modules called functions or procedures each of which handles a perticular responsibility.