3. ARRAYS
• An array is a fundamental data structure in computer science that
stores a collection of elements, all of the same type, in contiguous
memory locations. Here are some key points about arrays:
1. Fixed Size: Once an array is created, its size cannot be changed.
2. Indexing: Elements in an array are accessed using indices, starting
from 0.
3. Efficient Access: Arrays allow for efficient access to elements using
their indices.
4. Types: Arrays can be one-dimensional or multi-dimensional (e.g.,
2D arrays).
4. SIMPLE JAVA PROGRAM
This program defines a class
named HelloWorld with a main method.
The main method is the entry point of
any Java application,
and System.out.println is used to print the
text to the console.
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[]args)
{
System.out.println("Hello,
World!");
}
}
O/P: Hello World!
5. OPERATOR
• Operators in Java are the symbols used for performing specific
operations in Java. Operators make tasks like addition,
multiplication, etc. which look easy although the implementation of
these tasks is quite complex.
• Operators are the building blocks of Java expressions, allowing you
to perform calculations, comparisons, and more.
7. Arithmetic
Operators Program: Java Program to implement Arithmetic
Operators
class ArithmeticOperators
{
public static void main(String[] args)
Int a=12,b=5;
System.out.printIn("a + b ="+ (a+b));
System.out.printIn(“a- b=" + (a-b));
System.out.printIn("a * b =" + (a * b));
System.out.printIn("a / b =" + (a /b));
System.out.printin("a % b=" + (a%b));
}
•Arithmetic Operators are used for mathematical
calculations.
8. Relational
Operators
Program: Java Program to implement Relational Operators
class RelationalOperator
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Int a = 10;
intb=3;
intc=5;
System.out.printin("a > b:" + (a> b));
System.out.printin("a < b:" + (a<b));
System.out.printin("a >= b:" + (a >= b));
System.out.println("a <= b:" + (a <= b));
System.out.println("a == c:" + (a == c));
System.out.println("a != c: "+ (a !=c));
}
Relational operators are used to compare
two values and return a true or false result
based upon that comparison. Relational
operators are of 6 types.
9. Logical
Operators
The Logical operators are used to combine two
or more conditions .Logical operators are of
three types.
1. Logical AND (&&),
2. Logical OR (||)
3. Logician NOT (!)
Example of Logical Operators
class LogicalOp
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int x=10;
System.out.printIn(x==10 && x>=5));
System.out.printIn(x==10 || x>=5));
System.out.printin (! (x==10 ));
}
10. Logical AND(&&):
Logical AND (&&) : Logical AND is denoted by double ampersand characters
(&&).it is used to check the combinations of more than one conditions. if any one
condition false the complete condition becomes false.
11. Logical OR (||)
Logical OR (||): The logical OR operator ( || ) returns the boolean value
true if either or both operands is true and returns false otherwise.
12. Logical NOT(!):
Logician NOT (!): Logical NOT is denoted by exclamatory characters
(!), it is used to check the opposite result of any given test condition.
i.e, it makes a true condition false and false condition true.
13. ASSIGNMENT
OPERATOR
Assignment operators are used to assign a
value (or) an expression (or) a value of a
variable to another variable.
Syntax : variable name=expression (or) value
class AssignmentOperator
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int a=4;
int var;
var =a;
System.out.printIn(“var using =: " + var);
var += a;
System.out.printIn("var using +=:" + var);
var *= a;
System.out.printin("var using *=:" + var);
14. INCREMENT &
DECREMENT
OPERATIORS
The increment and decrement operators are very
useful. ++ and == are called increment and
decrement operators used to add or subtract. Both
are unary operators.
class Increment
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int var=5;
System.out.printIn (var++);
System.out.printin (++var);
System.out.printin (var--);
System.out.printIn (--var);
}
15. CONDITIONAL
OPERATOR
A conditional operator checks the condition and
executes the statement
depending on the condition. Conditional operator
consists of two symbols.
1: question mark (?).
2:colon(:).
class ConditionalOperator
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int februaryDays = 29;
String result;
result = (februaryDays == 28) ? "Nota leap
year" : "Leap year";
System.out.println(result);
}
16. BITWISE
OPERATORS
Bitwise operators are used for manipulating a data at the bit level, also
called as bit level
programming. Bit-level programming mainly consists of 0 and 1.
public class BitwiseAndExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int x = 9, y = 8;
// bitwise AND
System.out.println("x & y = " + (x &
y));
}
}
17. SHIFT
OPERATOR
A shift operator performs bit manipulation on data by
shifting the bits of its first operand right or left.
•Left Shift (<<): Multiplies the operand by 2
for each shift.
•Example: int x = 5; int y = x << 2; // y becomes 20
•Right Shift (>>): Divides the operand by 2
for each shift. Preserves the sign.
•Example: int x = -10; int y = x >> 2; // y becomes -3
•Unsigned Right Shift (>>>): Fills leftmost
bits with 0s.
•Example: int x = -10; int y = x >>> 2; // y becomes 1073741821
18. Instance
Operator
•Checks if an object is an instance of a class.
•Syntax: expression instanceof type
•Returns: true or false
EXAMPLE:
Object obj = new String("Hello");
if (obj instanceof String) {
System.out.println("obj is a String
object");
}