PHP Regular Expressions
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This document introduces regular expressions (regex) in PHP. It discusses the basic syntax of regex including patterns, indicators, quantifiers and logical operators. It provides examples of using the ereg and preg functions in PHP to perform matches and replacements using both POSIX and Perl-compatible regex. Common regex rules are also explained including matching characters, character classes, beginning/end of string, alternation and quantifiers.
![Basic Syntax In Regex, one uses patterns Pattern can hold Normal characters Start and end indicators as ^ and $ Count indicators like +, - , ? Logical operators, like | Grouping with {}, (), [] Example (Perl-compatible) /^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z.]{2,5}$/](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/regex-1223552774817540-9/85/PHP-Regular-Expressions-3-320.jpg)
![ereg Functions in PHP ereg-functions uses POSIX regex: int ereg (string pattern, string subject [, array groups]) int eregi (string pattern, string subject [, array groups]) string ereg_replace (string pattern, string replacement, string subject) string eregi_replace (string pattern, string replacement, string subject) array split (string pattern, string subject [, int limit]) array spliti (string pattern, string subject [, int limit])](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/regex-1223552774817540-9/85/PHP-Regular-Expressions-4-320.jpg)
![Example // POSIX REGEX $pattern = "^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z.]{2,5}$"; $email = "jack@tamk.com"; if ( eregi($pattern, $email) ) print "Match"; else print "Not match";](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/regex-1223552774817540-9/85/PHP-Regular-Expressions-5-320.jpg)
![Example 2 // POSIX REGEX $pattern = "^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z.]{2,5}$"; $email = $_GET["e-mail"]; if ( eregi($pattern, $email) ) // Save user input to database else print "Give proper e-mail address!";](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/regex-1223552774817540-9/85/PHP-Regular-Expressions-6-320.jpg)
![preg function set Perl compatible REGEX: int preg_match ( string $pattern , string $subject [, array &$matches [, int $flags [, int $offset ]]] ) mixed preg_replace ( mixed $pattern , mixed $replacement , mixed $subject [, int $limit [, int &$count ]] ) array preg_split ( string $pattern , string $subject [, int $limit [, int $flags ]] )](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/regex-1223552774817540-9/85/PHP-Regular-Expressions-7-320.jpg)
![Example // PERL REGEX $pattern = "/^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z.]{2,5}$/i"; $email = "jack@tamk.com"; if ( preg_match($pattern, $email) ) print "Match"; else print "Not match";](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/regex-1223552774817540-9/85/PHP-Regular-Expressions-8-320.jpg)
![Some PERL regex rules REGEX Explanation Example . Any single character /a.c/ matches "abc" or "afc" [ ] Single character that is contained within the brackets /[abc]/ matches "a", or "b" or "c" ^ Find from the beginning of the string /^a/ matches " a ku ankka" $ Find from the end of the string /a$/ matches "aku ankk a " | OR /cat|dog/ matches "dog" or "cat" ^ NOT (when used in middle of pattern) /a^aa/ matches "aba" {n,m} Matches min n, max m /a{1,3}/ matches "a", or "aa", or "aaa" * Matches 0-n /a*/ ? Matches 0-1 /(hello)?/ + Matches 1-n /a+/](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/regex-1223552774817540-9/85/PHP-Regular-Expressions-10-320.jpg)
![Examples /^begin and end$/ begin and end /one|two|three/ this is the one /[abc]$/ ? /^Hello my name is ^(Jussi)$/i ?](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/regex-1223552774817540-9/85/PHP-Regular-Expressions-12-320.jpg)
![More Perl REGEX Rules REGEX Explanation \w [a-zA-Z0-9_] \W ^ [a-zA-Z0-9_] \n New Line \s Whitespace / Empty \S Not whitespaces / Empty \d Number \D Not Number](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/regex-1223552774817540-9/85/PHP-Regular-Expressions-13-320.jpg)
![Examples /^[+-]?\d+\.?\d*$/ /^\d{1,2}\.\d{1,2}\.?\d{4}?$/ /^(\d{1,2})\:(\d{1,2})\.(\d{1,2})$/ /[CDE]:\\[\w]+\\[\w]+\\/](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/regex-1223552774817540-9/85/PHP-Regular-Expressions-14-320.jpg)
PHP Regular Expressions
- 1. Introduction PHP and REGEX Jussi Pohjolainen TAMK University of Applied Sciences
- 2. Regular Expressions Designed to help working with strings in UNIX environment Easy way to find a pattern in a string and/or replace it if you want Very powerful tool Two types: POSIX and Perl Compatible
- 3. Basic Syntax In Regex, one uses patterns Pattern can hold Normal characters Start and end indicators as ^ and $ Count indicators like +, - , ? Logical operators, like | Grouping with {}, (), [] Example (Perl-compatible) /^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z.]{2,5}$/
- 4. ereg Functions in PHP ereg-functions uses POSIX regex: int ereg (string pattern, string subject [, array groups]) int eregi (string pattern, string subject [, array groups]) string ereg_replace (string pattern, string replacement, string subject) string eregi_replace (string pattern, string replacement, string subject) array split (string pattern, string subject [, int limit]) array spliti (string pattern, string subject [, int limit])
- 5. Example // POSIX REGEX $pattern = "^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z.]{2,5}$"; $email = "[email protected]"; if ( eregi($pattern, $email) ) print "Match"; else print "Not match";
- 6. Example 2 // POSIX REGEX $pattern = "^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z.]{2,5}$"; $email = $_GET["e-mail"]; if ( eregi($pattern, $email) ) // Save user input to database else print "Give proper e-mail address!";
- 7. preg function set Perl compatible REGEX: int preg_match ( string $pattern , string $subject [, array &$matches [, int $flags [, int $offset ]]] ) mixed preg_replace ( mixed $pattern , mixed $replacement , mixed $subject [, int $limit [, int &$count ]] ) array preg_split ( string $pattern , string $subject [, int $limit [, int $flags ]] )
- 8. Example // PERL REGEX $pattern = "/^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z.]{2,5}$/i"; $email = "[email protected]"; if ( preg_match($pattern, $email) ) print "Match"; else print "Not match";
- 9. Perl Regex Examples Basic usage: /pattern/modifiers Examples: /ha jo/ matches "tur ha jo no" /ha jo/i matches "tur ha JO NO";
- 10. Some PERL regex rules REGEX Explanation Example . Any single character /a.c/ matches "abc" or "afc" [ ] Single character that is contained within the brackets /[abc]/ matches "a", or "b" or "c" ^ Find from the beginning of the string /^a/ matches " a ku ankka" $ Find from the end of the string /a$/ matches "aku ankk a " | OR /cat|dog/ matches "dog" or "cat" ^ NOT (when used in middle of pattern) /a^aa/ matches "aba" {n,m} Matches min n, max m /a{1,3}/ matches "a", or "aa", or "aaa" * Matches 0-n /a*/ ? Matches 0-1 /(hello)?/ + Matches 1-n /a+/
- 11. Examples /.ala/ ka vala mpi /\. Älä/ Nyt se loppui . Älä rupea. /^begin/ begin starts like this. /end$/ this is the end
- 12. Examples /^begin and end$/ begin and end /one|two|three/ this is the one /[abc]$/ ? /^Hello my name is ^(Jussi)$/i ?
- 13. More Perl REGEX Rules REGEX Explanation \w [a-zA-Z0-9_] \W ^ [a-zA-Z0-9_] \n New Line \s Whitespace / Empty \S Not whitespaces / Empty \d Number \D Not Number
- 14. Examples /^[+-]?\d+\.?\d*$/ /^\d{1,2}\.\d{1,2}\.?\d{4}?$/ /^(\d{1,2})\:(\d{1,2})\.(\d{1,2})$/ /[CDE]:\\[\w]+\\[\w]+\\/