Object Oriented Programming with Laravel - Session 2
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This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts like encapsulation, inheritance and access levels. It also summarizes Laravel fundamentals like directory structure, configuration, routing and controllers. Key points covered include defining public, private and protected properties and methods, using a front controller pattern, caching configurations, and organizing controller classes to handle requests.
Object Oriented Programming with Laravel - Session 2
- 1. Object-Oriented Programming (with Laravel) By: Shahrzad Peyman Session 2 April-2017 [email protected] 1
- 2. 2 Today’s Presentation • Encapsulation, Access Level and Inheritance • Local Development Server • Front Controller • Configuration • Directory Structure • The Root Directory • The App Directory • Routing • Controllers
- 3. Encapsulation • In basic terms, it’s the way we define the visibility of our properties and methods. • When you’re creating classes, you have to ask yourself what properties and methods can be accessed outside of the class. 3
- 4. Access Levels Specifier Class SubClass all Private * Protected * * Public * * * 4
- 5. Inheritance • In object-oriented programming, inheritance is when a class is based on another class, using the same implementation or specifying a new implementation to maintain the same behavior. • Such an inherited class is called a subclass of its parent class or super class. 5
- 8. Local Development Server • If you have PHP installed locally and you would like to use PHP's built-in development server to serve your application, you may use the serve artisan command. • This command will start a development server at http://localhost:8000 • Of course, more robust local development options are available via Homestead and Valet. 8
- 9. Front Controller • Like HTTP itself, the Request and Response objects are pretty simple. The hard part of building an application is writing what comes in between. In other words, the real work comes in writing the code that interprets the request information and creates the response • Your application probably does many things, like sending emails, handling form submissions, saving things to a database, rendering HTML pages and protecting content with security. How can you manage all of this and still keep your code organized and maintainable?
- 10. Front Controller • Traditionally, applications were built so that each "page" of a site was its own physical file: A. index.php B. contact.php C. blog.php • There are several problems with this approach, including the inflexibility of the URLs (what if you wanted to change blog.php to news.php without breaking all of your links?) and the fact that each file must manually include some set of core files so that security, database connections and the "look" of the site can remain consistent.
- 11. Front Controller • A much better solution is to use a front controller: a single PHP file that handles every request coming into your application. • Now, every request is handled exactly the same way. Instead of individual URLs executing different PHP files, the front controller is always executed, and the routing of different URLs to different parts of your application is done internally.
- 12. Configuration Public Directory: After installing Laravel, you should configure your web server's document / web root to be the public directory. The index.php in this directory serves as the front controller for all HTTP requests entering your application. 12
- 13. Configuration Config Directory: All of the configuration files for the Laravel framework are stored in the config directory. Application Key: The next thing you should do after installing Laravel is set your application key to a random string. If you installed Laravel via Composer or the Laravel installer, this key has already been set for you by the php artisan key:generate command. 13
- 14. Configuration Configuration Caching: To give your application a speed boost, you should cache all of your configuration files into a single file using the config:cache Artisan command. This will combine all of the configuration options for your application into a single file which will be loaded quickly by the framework. 14
- 15. Configuration Maintenance Mode: When your application is in maintenance mode, a custom view will be displayed for all requests into your application. This makes it easy to "disable" your application while it is updating or when you are performing maintenance. To enable maintenance mode, simply execute the down Artisan command: php artisan down. To disable maintenance mode, use the up command. 15
- 16. Directory Structure The default Laravel application structure is intended to provide a great starting point for both large and small applications. Of course, you are free to organize your application however you like. Where is Models Directory? 16
- 17. The Root Directory • App • Bootstrap • Config • Database • Public • Resources • Routes • Storage • Tests • Vendor 17
- 18. 18 The App Directory The majority of your application is housed in the App directory. By default, this directory is namespaced under App and is autoloaded by Composer using the PSR-4 autoloading standard. The App directory contains a variety of additional directories such as Console, Http and Providers. Think of the Console and Http directories as providing an API into the core of your application. The HTTP protocol and CLI are both mechanisms to interact with your application, but do not actually contain application logic.
- 19. Routing The most basic Laravel routes simply accept a URI and a Closure, providing a very simple and expressive method of defining routes: All Laravel routes are defined in your route files, which are located in the routes directory. 19
- 23. Global Constraints If you would like a route parameter to always be constrained by a given regular expression, you may use the pattern method. You should define these patterns in the boot method of your RouteServiceProvider: 23
- 24. 24 Named Routes
- 26. 26 Controllers Instead of defining all of your request handling logic as Closures in route files, you may wish to organize this behavior using Controller classes. Controllers can group related request handling logic into a single class. Controllers are stored in the app/http/controllers directory.