Node js getting started

Node Js
http://www.nodebeginner.org/
“Hello World”
1. Create a file called helloworld.js.
2. We want it to write "Hello World" to STDOUT, and here is the code needed to do that:
3. console.log("Hello World");
4. Save the file, and execute it through Node.js:
node helloworld.js
The application stack
 We want to serve web pages, therefore we need an HTTP server
 Our server will need to answer differently to requests, depending on which URL the
request was asking for, thus we need some kind of router in order to map requests to
request handlers
 To fullfill the requests that arrived at the server and have been routed using the router,
we need actual request handlers
 The router probably should also treat any incoming POST data and give it to the request
handlers in a convenient form, thus we need request data handling
 We not only want to handle requests for URLs, we also want to display content when
these URLs are requested, which means we need some kind of view logic the request
handlers can use in order to send content to the user's browser
 Last but not least, the user will be able to upload images, so we are going to need some
kind of upload handling which takes care of the details
With Node.js, we not only implement our application, we also implement the whole HTTP
server. In fact, our web application and its web server are basically the same.

Building the application stack
A basic HT TPserver
1. Let’s create a main file which we use to start our application, and a module file where our HTTP
servercode lives. Let's start with the server module. Create the file server.js in the rootdirectory
of your project, and fill it with the following code:
2. var http = require("http");
http.createServer(function(request, response) {
response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
response.write("Hello World");
response.end();
}).listen(8888);
3. First, execute your script with Node.js:
4. node server.js
5. Now, open your browserand point it at http://localhost:8888/. This should display a web page
that says "Hello World".
The first line requires the http module that ships with Node.js and makes it accessible through the
variable http. We then call one of the functions the http module offers: createServer. This function
returns an object, and this objecthas a method named listen, and takes a numeric value which indicates
the port number our HTTP server is going to listen on.
We could have written the code that starts our server and makes it listen at port 8888 like this:

var http = require("http");
var server = http.createServer();
server.listen(8888);
That would start an HTTP serverlistening at port 8888 and doing nothing else (not even answering any
incoming requests).
How function passing makes our HTTP server work
With this knowledge, let's get back to our minimalistic HTTP server:
http.createServer(function(request, response) {
response.end();
}).listen(8888);
By now it should be clear what we are actually doing here: we pass the createServer function an
anonymous function. We could achieve the same by refactoring our code to:
function onRequest(request, response) {
response.end();
}

http.createServer(onRequest).listen(8888);
Finding a place for our server module
We have the code for a very basic HTTP server in the file server.js, it's common to have a main file
called index.js which is used to bootstrap and start our application by making use ofthe other modules of
the application (like the HTTP server module that lives in server.js).
Let's talk about how to make server.js a real Node.js module that can be used by our yet -to-be-
written index.js main file.
As you may have noticed, we already used modules in our code, like this:
...
http.createServer(...);
It's common practice to choosethe name ofthe module for the name ofthe local variable, but we are free
to choose whatever we like:
var foo = require("http");
...
foo.createServer(...);

Let's find out by turning our server.js script into a real module.
Making some code a module means we need to export those parts of its functionality that we want to
provide to scripts that require our module.
For now, the functionality our HTTP server needs to exportis simple:scripts requiring ourserver module
simply need to start the server.
1. To make this possible, we will put our servercode into a function named start, and we will export
this function:
function start() {
function onRequest(request, response) {
console.log("Request received.");
response.end();
}
http.createServer(onRequest).listen(8888);
console.log("Server has started.");
}
exports.start = start;
2. This way, we can now createour main file index.js, and start our HTTP there, although the code
for the server is still in our server.js file.
3. Create a file index.js with the following content:

var server = require("./server");
server.start();
As you can see, we can use our server module just like any internal module: by requiring its file and
assigning it to a variable, its exported functions become available to us.
That's it. We can now start our app via our main script, and it still does exactly the same:
node index.js
Great, we now can put the different parts ofour application into different files and wire them together by
making them modules.
Express
Express is a minimal and flexible Node.js web application framework that provides a robust set offeatures
for web and mobile applications.
Hello world example
Here is an example of a very basic Express app.
var express = require('express')
var app = express()
app.get('/', function (req, res) {

res.send('Hello World!')
})
var server = app.listen(3000, function () {
var host = server.address().address
var port = server.address().port
console.log('Example app listening at http://%s:%s', host, port)
})
The req (request) and res (response) are the exact same objects thatNode provides,so you can
invoke req.pipe(), req.on('data', callback) and anything else you would do withoutExpress
involved.
The app starts a server and listens on port 3000 for connection. It will respond with "Hello World!" for
requests to the homepage. For every other path, it will respond with a 404 Not Found.
Save the code in a file named app.js and run it with the following command.
$ node app.js
Then, load http://localhost:3000/ in a browser to see the output.
http://expressjs.com/3x/api.html#express

Node js getting started

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