Lesson A.1 - Introduction to Web Development.docx
- 1. What is HTML? HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages HTML describes the structure of a Web page HTML consists of a series of elements HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph", "this is a link", etc. What is an HTML Element? An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag: Example <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>My First Web</title> </head> <body> <h1>My First Heading</h1> <p>My first Paragraph</p> <a href="https://www.microsoft.com">This is a link for Microsoft Website</a> <img src="w3schools.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com" width="104" heigh t="142"> </body> </html> EXPLAINED The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document What is HTML5? - HTML5 (Hypertext Markup Language 5) is a markup language used for structuring and presenting content on the World Wide Web. It is the fifth and final major HTML version that is a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommendation. The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page
- 2. The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's title bar or in the page's tab) The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc. The <h1> element defines a large heading The <p> element defines a paragraph Some of you might be confused on the output outcome. Web Browsers are used to display the HTML tags. HTML EDITORS Web pages can be created and modified by using professional HTML editors. But the very basic software we can use is the Notepad (PC) and TextEdit (Mac). Saving as “mysample.htm” or “mysample.html”
- 3. HTML ELEMENTS HTML Documents All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!DOCTYPE html>. The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>. The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>. HTML Headings HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading: HTML Paragraphs HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag: HTML Links HTML links are defined with the <a> tag: <a href="https://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a> The link's destination is specified in the href attribute. HTML Images HTML images are defined with the <img> tag. The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as attributes:
- 4. <img src="w3schools.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com" width="104" heigh t="142"> Empty HTML Elements HTML elements with no content are called empty elements. The <br> tag defines a line break Example <p>This is a <br> paragraph with a line break.</p> Output: This is a paragraph with a line break. REMEMBER THAT HTML is Not Case Sensitive HTML Attributes All HTML elements can have attributes Attributes provide additional information about elements Attributes are always specified in the start tag Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value" EXAMPLE HREF (LINK) AND IMG (IMAGE) There are two ways to specify the URL in the src attribute: What is a URL? Uniform Resource Locator, colloquially termed a web address, is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it
- 5. 1. Absolute URL - Links to an external image that is hosted on another website. Example: src="https://www.w3schools.com/images/img_girl.jpg". Notes: External images might be under copyright. If you do not get permission to use it, you may be in violation of copyright laws. In addition, you cannot control external images; it can suddenly be removed or changed. 2. Relative URL - Links to an image that is hosted within the website. Here, the URL does not include the domain name. If the URL begins without a slash, it will be relative to the current page. Example: src="img_girl.jpg". If the URL begins with a slash, it will be relative to the domain. Example: src="/images/img_girl.jpg". Tip: It is almost always best to use relative URLs. They will not break if you change domain. The width and height Attributes The <img> tag should also contain the width and height attributes, which specify the width and height of the image (in pixels): Example <img src="img_girl.jpg" width="500" height="600"> The alt Attribute The required alt attribute for the <img> tag specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image for some reason cannot be displayed. This can be due to a slow connection, or an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader. Example <img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl with a jacket">
- 6. The style Attribute The style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size, and more. Example <p style="color:red;">This is a red paragraph.</p> The lang Attribute You should always include the lang attribute inside the <html> tag, to declare the language of the Web page. This is meant to assist search engines and browsers. The following example specifies English as the language: <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <body> ... </body> </html> Country codes can also be added to the language code in the lang attribute. So, the first two characters define the language of the HTML page, and the last two characters define the country. The following example specifies English as the language and United States as the country: <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <body> ...
- 7. </body> </html> HTML Formatting Elements Formatting elements were designed to display special types of text: <b> - Bold text <strong> - Important text <i> - Italic text <em> - Emphasized text <mark> - Marked text <small> - Smaller text <del> - Deleted text <ins> - Inserted text <sub> - Subscript text <sup> - Superscript text Example <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <p>This text is normal.</p> <p><b>This text is bold.</b></p> </body> </html> HTML <blockquote> for Quotations
- 8. The HTML <blockquote> element defines a section that is quoted from another source. Browsers usually indent <blockquote> elements. HTML <q> for Short Quotations The HTML <q> tag defines a short quotation. Browsers normally insert quotation marks around the quotation. Example <p>WWF's goal is to: <q>Build a future where people live in harmony with nature. </q></p> HTML <abbr> for Abbreviations The HTML <abbr> tag defines an abbreviation or an acronym, like "HTML", "CSS", "Mr.", "Dr.", "ASAP", "ATM". Marking abbreviations can give useful information to browsers, translation systems and search-engines. Tip: Use the global title attribute to show the description for the abbreviation/acronym when you mouse over the element. Example <p>The <abbr title="World Health Organization">WHO</abbr> was founded in 1948.</p> HTML <address> for Contact Information
- 9. The HTML <address> tag defines the contact information for the author/owner of a document or an article. The contact information can be an email address, URL, physical address, phone number, social media handle, etc. The text in the <address> element usually renders in italic, and browsers will always add a line break before and after the <address> element. Example <address> Written by John Doe.<br> Visit us at:<br> Example.com<br> Box 564, Disneyland<br> USA </address> HTML <cite> for Work Title The HTML <cite> tag defines the title of a creative work (e.g. a book, a poem, a song, a movie, a painting, a sculpture, etc.). Note: A person's name is not the title of a work. The text in the <cite> element usually renders in italic. Example <p><cite>The Scream</cite> by Edvard Munch. Painted in 1893.</p> HTML <bdo> for Bi-Directional Override BDO stands for Bi-Directional Override. The HTML <bdo> tag is used to override the current text direction:
- 10. Example <bdo dir="rtl">This text will be written from right to left</bdo> HTML Comment Tag You can add comments to your HTML source by using the following syntax: <!-- Write your comments here --> Notice that there is an exclamation point (!) in the start tag, but not in the end tag. Hide Content Comments can be used to hide content. This can be helpful if you hide content temporarily: Example <p>This is a paragraph.</p> <!-- <p>This is another paragraph </p> --> <p>This is a paragraph too.</p> You can also hide more than one line. Everything between the <!-- and the -- > will be hidden from the display.
- 11. Example Hide a section of HTML code: <p>This is a paragraph.</p> <!-- <p>Look at this cool image:</p> <img border="0" src="pic_trulli.jpg" alt="Trulli"> --> <p>This is a paragraph too.</p> HTML Colors Background Color You can set the background color for HTML elements: Example <h1 style="background-color:DodgerBlue;">Hello World</h1> <p style="background-color:Tomato;">Lorem ipsum...</p> Text Color You can set the color of text:
- 12. Hello World Fortis Fortuna Adiuvat Fortune Favors the Bold Example <h1 style="color:Tomato;">Hello World</h1> <p style="color:DodgerBlue;">Fortis Fortuna Adiuvat</p> <p style="color:MediumSeaGreen;">Fortune Favors the Bold</p> Border Color You can set the color of borders: Hello World Hello World Hello World Example <h1 style="border:2px solid Tomato;">Hello World</h1> <h1 style="border:2px solid DodgerBlue;">Hello World</h1> <h1 style="border:2px solid Violet;">Hello World</h1> RGB – RED GREEN BLUE HSL – HUE SATURATION LIGHTNESS HEX VALUES – Hexadecimal Number RGBA and HSLA adds Alpha channel to the color, which shows the transparency.
- 13. Example <h1 style="background-color:rgb(255, 99, 71);">RGB</h1> <h1 style="background-color:#ff6347;">HEX</h1> <h1 style="background-color:hsl(9, 100%, 64%);">HSL</h1> <h1 style="background-color:rgba(255, 99, 71, 0.5);">RGBA</h1> <h1 style="background-color:hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.5);">HSLA</h1> We Suggest: Always Quote Attribute Values Good: <a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/">Visit our HTML tutorial</a> Bad: <a href=https://www.w3schools.com/html/>Visit our HTML tutorial</a> Single or Double Quotes? Double quotes around attribute values are the most common in HTML, but single quotes can also be used. In some situations, when the attribute value itself contains double quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes: <p title='John "ShotGun" Nelson'> Or vice versa: <p title="John 'ShotGun' Nelson">
- 14. RECAP What does the “href” attribute do and where should it be located? <a> What is a URL and the two identification of URL? What attribute of <img> specifies the path to the image to be displayed. The width and height attributes of <img> provide SIZE information for images The alt attribute of <img> provides an alternate text for an image What does the use of style attribute adds to an element? color, font, size, and more The lang attribute of the <html> tag declares the language of the Web page