Jdbc architecture and driver types ppt

JDBC

http://www.java2all.com

Chapter 1

JDBC Introduction


Introduction to JDBC


JDBC - Java Database Connectivity.
JDBC provides API or Protocol to interact
with different databases.
With the help of JDBC driver we can
connect with different types of databases.
Driver is must needed for connection
establishment with any database.
A driver works as an interface between the
client and a database server.


JDBC have so many classes and interfaces
that allow a java application to send request
made by user to any specific DBMS(Data Base
Management System).

JDBC supports a wide level of portability.
JDBC provides interfaces that are compatible
with java application

components and specification of JDBC:


Components of JDBC:

JDBC has four main components as under and
with the help of these components java application can
connect with database.
The JDBC API - it provides various methods
and interfaces for easy communication with database.
The JDBC DriverManager - it loads database
specific drivers in an application to establish
connection with database.
The JDBC test suite - it will be used to test an
operation being performed by JDBC drivers.
The JDBC-ODBC bridge - it connects database
drivers to the database. http://www.java2all.com

JDBC Specification:

Different version of JDBC has different
specification as under.
JDBC 1.0 - it provides basic functionality of
JDBC.
JDBC 2.0 - it provides JDBC API(JDBC 2.0
Core API and JDBC 2.0 Optional Package API).
JDBC 3.0 - it provides classes and interfaces in
two packages(java.sql and javax.sql).
JDBC 4.0 - it provides so many extra features
like Auto loading of the driver interface.
Connection management.
ROWID data type support. http://www.java2all.com

Enhanced support for large object like
BLOB(Binary Large Object) and CLOB(Character
Large Object).


JDBC Architecture:
As we all know now that driver is required to
communicate with database.
JDBC API provides classes and interfaces to
handle request made by user and response made by
database.
Some of the important JDBC API are as under.

DriverManager Driver
Connection Statement
PreparedStatement CallableStatement
ResultSet DatabaseMetaData
ResultSetMetaData

Here The DriverManager plays an important role
in JDBC architecture.
It uses some database specific drivers to
communicate our J2EE application to database.


As per the diagram first of all we have to
program our application with JDBC API.

With the help of DriverManager class than
we connect to a specific database with the help of
spcific database driver.

Java drivers require some library to
communicate with the database.

We have four different types of java drivers.
We will learn all that four drivers with
architecture in next chapter.

Some drivers are pure java drivers and some are
partial.

So with this kind of JDBC architecture we can
communicate with specific database.

We will learn programmatically all this thing in
further chapter.


JDBC Driver Types:


There are four categories of drivers by which
developer can apply a connection between Client (The
JAVA application or an applet) to a DBMS.

(1) Type 1 Driver : JDBC-ODBC Bridge.

(2) Type 2 Driver : Native-API Driver (Partly
Java driver).

(3) Type 3 Driver : Network-Protocol Driver
(Pure Java driver for database Middleware).

(4) Type 4 Driver : Native-Protocol Driver
(Pure Java driver directly connected to database).

(1) Type 1 Driver: JDBC-ODBC Bridge :-

The JDBC type 1 driver which is also known as
a JDBC-ODBC Bridge is a convert JDBC methods
into ODBC function calls.
Sun provides a JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver by
“sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver”.

The driver is a platform dependent because it
uses ODBC which is depends on native libraries of the
operating system and also the driver needs other
installation for example, ODBC must be installed on
the computer and the database must support ODBC
driver. http://www.java2all.com

Type 1 is the simplest compare to all other driver
but it’s a platform specific i.e. only on Microsoft
platform.

The JDBC-ODBC Bridge is use only when there
is no PURE-JAVA driver available for a particular
database.

Architecture Diagram:


Process:

Java Application → JDBC APIs → JDBC
Driver Manager → Type 1 Driver → ODBC
Driver → Database library APIs → Database

Advantage:

(1) Connect to almost any database on any
system, for which ODBC driver is installed.

(2) It’s an easy for installation as well as
easy(simplest) to use as compare the all other driver.

Disadvantage:

(1) The ODBC Driver needs to be installed on
the client machine.

(2) It’s a not a purely platform independent
because its use ODBC which is depends on native
libraries of the operating system on client machine.

(3) Not suitable for applets because the ODBC
driver needs to be installed on the client machine.


(2) Type 2 Driver: Native-API Driver (Partly Java
driver) :-

The JDBC type 2 driver is uses the libraries of
the database which is available at client side and this
driver converts the JDBC method calls into native
calls of the database so this driver is also known as a
Native-API driver.

Architecture Diagram :


Process:

Driver Manager → Type 2 Driver → Vendor
Client Database library APIs → Database

Advantage:

(1) There is no implantation of JDBC-ODBC
Bridge so it’s faster than a type 1 driver; hence the
performance is better as compare the type 1 driver
(JDBC-ODBC Bridge).


Disadvantage:

(1) On the client machine require the extra
installation because this driver uses the vendor client
libraries.

(2) The Client side software needed so cannot
use such type of driver in the web-based application.

(3) Not all databases have the client side
library.

(4) This driver supports all JAVA applications
except applets. http://www.java2all.com

(3) Type 3 Driver: Network-Protocol Driver (Pure
Java driver for database Middleware) :-

The JDBC type 3 driver uses the middle
tier(application server) between the calling program
and the database and this middle tier converts JDBC
method calls into the vendor specific database
protocol and the same driver can be used for multiple
databases also so it’s also known as a Network-
Protocol driver as well as a JAVA driver for database
middleware.

Architecture Diagram: http://www.java2all.com

Process:

Driver Manager → Type 3 Driver → Middleware
(Server)→ any Database

Advantage:
(1) There is no need for the vendor database
library on the client machine because the middleware
is database independent and it communicates with
client.
(2) Type 3 driver can be used in any web
application as well as on internet also because there is
no any software require at client side. http://www.java2all.com

(3) A single driver can handle any database at
client side so there is no need a separate driver for
each database.
(4) The middleware server can also provide the
typical services such as connections, auditing, load
balancing, logging etc.

Disadvantage:

(1) An Extra layer added, may be time
consuming.
(2) At the middleware develop the database
specific coding, may be increase complexity.

(4) Type 4 Driver: Native-Protocol Driver (Pure
Java driver directly connected to database) :-

The JDBC type 4 driver converts JDBC method
calls directly into the vendor specific database
protocol and in between do not need to be converted
any other formatted system so this is the fastest way to
communicate quires to DBMS and it is completely
written in JAVA because of that this is also known as
the “direct to database Pure JAVA driver”.

Architecture Diagram:

Process:

Driver Manager → Type 4 Driver (Pure JAVA
Driver) → Database Server

Advantage:
(1) It’s a 100% pure JAVA Driver so it’s a
platform independence.
(2) No translation or middleware layers are
used so consider as a faster than other drivers.
(3) The all process of the application-to-
database connection can manage by JVM so the
debugging is also managed easily. http://www.java2all.com

Disadvantage:

(1) There is a separate driver needed for each
database at the client side.

(2) Drivers are Database dependent, as different
database vendors use different network protocols.


Jdbc architecture and driver types ppt

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Jdbc architecture and driver types ppt