java swing tutorial for beginners(java programming tutorials)
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The document provides an overview of programming Swing applications using Java's Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern, emphasizing the separation of data, user interface logic, and display components. It discusses various Swing components, their usage, and layout management while also touching on events, multithreading, and event handling in Swing. Additionally, it highlights the importance of design patterns and introduces basic coding examples for creating GUIs with Swing.
![Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003
37
TopLevelWindows.java
package SwingSamples;
import javax.swing.*;
public class TopLevelWindows
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
JFrame myJFrame = new JFrame("The JFrame");
myJFrame.setSize(300,300);
myJFrame.setLocation(100,100);
JWindow myJWindow = new JWindow();
myJWindow.setSize(300,300);
myJWindow.setLocation(500, 100);
myJFrame.setVisible(true);
myJWindow.setVisible(true);
}
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/04bswingtutorial-140727144039-phpapp01/85/java-swing-tutorial-for-beginners-java-programming-tutorials-37-320.jpg)
![Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003
39
ContentPaneExample.java
package SwingSamples;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class ContentPaneExample
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
JFrame myJFrame = new JFrame("JFrame");
myJFrame.setLocation(100,100);
Container myContentPane = myJFrame.getContentPane();
myContentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
myContentPane.add(new JLabel("One"));
myContentPane.add(new JLabel("Two"));
myJFrame.pack(); //reformats the layout to the minimum size to fit
everything
myJFrame.setVisible(true);
}
}
Without the pack()
With the pack()](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/04bswingtutorial-140727144039-phpapp01/85/java-swing-tutorial-for-beginners-java-programming-tutorials-39-320.jpg)
![Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003
40
ContentPaneExample2.java
package SwingSamples;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class ContentPaneExample2
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
JFrame myJFrame = new JFrame("JFrame");
myJFrame.setLocation(100,100);
Container myContentPane = new JPanel();
myContentPane.add(new JLabel("One"));
myContentPane.add(new JLabel("Two"));
myJFrame.setContentPane(myContentPane);
myJFrame.pack();
myJFrame.setVisible(true);
}
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/04bswingtutorial-140727144039-phpapp01/85/java-swing-tutorial-for-beginners-java-programming-tutorials-40-320.jpg)
java swing tutorial for beginners(java programming tutorials)
- 1. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 1 Swing A Quick Tutorial on Programming Swing Applications
- 2. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 2 MVC – Model View Controller • Swing is based on this design pattern • It means separating the implementation of an application into layers or components: – The Model - the data structure that represents something (like a customer info rec) – The Controller - the user interface logic for manipulating it – The View - the display of that data structure to the user.
- 3. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 3 What is Swing? • A set of classes (part of JFC) that support platform independent GUI (Graphical User Interface) • Successor to the original Java GUI classes (AWT) which didn’t work very well (they had platform dependencies that really made it a difficult API to use) • AWT wasn’t very “sexy”
- 4. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 4 Swing • Visible “widgets” - windows, buttons, combo boxes, trees, tables, checkboxes, text fields, menus, … • Containers of components – applets, dialogs, windows and frames • Supporting classes and utility methods
- 5. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 5 Some important Swing visible component classes • JApplet ** • JButton • JCheckBox • JColorChooser • JComboBox • JDialog ** • JFileChooser • JFormattedTextField • JFrame ** • JLabel • JList • JMenu • JMenuBar • JMenuItem • JPanel • JPasswordField • JPopupMenu • JProgressBar • JRadioButton • JScrollBar • JSlider • JSpinner • JTable • JTextArea • JTextField • JToggleButton • JToolBar • JTree • JWindow ** • ** means a top level containers
- 6. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 6 Using netbeans to create a JDialog
- 7. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 7 adding fields
- 8. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 8
- 9. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 9 my empty CustomerInfoDialog:JDialog
- 10. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 10 code created
- 11. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 11 To kill a zombie or running process in netbeans right click and choose: ”terminate”
- 12. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 12 executing the class displays:
- 13. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 13 Editing a dialog • 1St select a layout manager for the dialog
- 14. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 14 select component edit properties
- 15. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 15 changing the layout manager
- 16. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 16 what layout manager should I use? • Start with the absolute and then experiment when you feel comfortable (or hire a graphic artist and let them worry about it ;-).
- 17. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 17 Adding other components to the view - JTextFields
- 18. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 18 execute the class
- 19. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 19 Adding a combo box
- 20. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 20 edit the model property for the combo box type in state abbreviations separated by commas
- 21. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 21
- 22. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 22 preferred size property hor , vert
- 23. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 23 MVC Model – View – Controller Design Pattern
- 24. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 24 Design Patterns • A design pattern is a way of designing code that benefits from experience of other developers – see GoF (Gang of Four) on Patterns • Design patterns are “rules of thumb” & best practices • A GUI is based on many design patterns – 3D Pliancy – Feedback – Icons – Menus – Pointing – Mnemonics & Accelerators – Many more … • A pattern usually has a name (and several aliases), a context, a problem it addresses, a description of the solution, hints of when to use it and when not to. • See http://www.csc.calpoly.edu/~dbutler/tutorials/winter96/patterns/ , http://choices.cs.uiuc.edu/sane/dpatterns.html#dp and http://www.stanford.edu/~borchers/hcipatterns
- 25. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 25 MVC – Model View Controller pattern • Swing components are designed as MVC components – Model = data or object that is the to be visually represented – View = one or more visual representations of that data/object – Controller = code to manage input to the model
- 26. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 26 MVC • © Sun 2002
- 27. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 27 MVC in Swing Components • The Swing component class is the view and controller • A separate class is the model • Most components come with a default model • You can set the model to your own model for a control • Several controls could share a model!
- 28. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 28
- 29. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 29 Creating icons using the blank icon to start with
- 30. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 30 Change the properties of the button to use you icon
- 31. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 31 Pushing the buttons changes the displayed prices.
- 32. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 32 A different and better layout
- 33. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 33 JTree JFrame JFileChooser JTable JPasswordField JSlider JButton JProgressBar
- 34. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 34 private javax.swing.JPasswordField jPasswordField1; private javax.swing.JTree jTree1; private javax.swing.JSlider jSlider1; private javax.swing.JProgressBar jProgressBar1; private javax.swing.JTable jTable1; private javax.swing.JButton jButton2; private javax.swing.JButton jButton1; private javax.swing.JFileChooser jFileChooser1; private javax.swing.JLabel jLabel1;
- 35. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 35 Swing based MenuLookDemo
- 36. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 36 TopLevelWindows.java
- 37. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 37 TopLevelWindows.java package SwingSamples; import javax.swing.*; public class TopLevelWindows { public static void main(String args[]) { JFrame myJFrame = new JFrame("The JFrame"); myJFrame.setSize(300,300); myJFrame.setLocation(100,100); JWindow myJWindow = new JWindow(); myJWindow.setSize(300,300); myJWindow.setLocation(500, 100); myJFrame.setVisible(true); myJWindow.setVisible(true); } }
- 38. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 38 Top Level Containers • Must have a top level container in Swing • You must add components to the associated content pane
- 39. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 39 ContentPaneExample.java package SwingSamples; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class ContentPaneExample { public static void main(String args[]) { JFrame myJFrame = new JFrame("JFrame"); myJFrame.setLocation(100,100); Container myContentPane = myJFrame.getContentPane(); myContentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); myContentPane.add(new JLabel("One")); myContentPane.add(new JLabel("Two")); myJFrame.pack(); //reformats the layout to the minimum size to fit everything myJFrame.setVisible(true); } } Without the pack() With the pack()
- 40. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 40 ContentPaneExample2.java package SwingSamples; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class ContentPaneExample2 { public static void main(String args[]) { JFrame myJFrame = new JFrame("JFrame"); myJFrame.setLocation(100,100); Container myContentPane = new JPanel(); myContentPane.add(new JLabel("One")); myContentPane.add(new JLabel("Two")); myJFrame.setContentPane(myContentPane); myJFrame.pack(); myJFrame.setVisible(true); } }
- 41. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 41 Events • Swing uses them to communicate between swing components. • An event is just a method call on the receiving object by the sending object. The method passes the event object. addActionListener(ActionListener listener); removeActionListener(ActionListener listener); • An object registers to receive events. The method that gets called is: actionPerformed(ActionEvent e);
- 42. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 42 Events • In Swing they are multicast – 1 to many possible. Manes multiple method calls by the send basically. • Order isn’t defined, though. • Events are immutable to the receiver. • Events may be queued as in the keyboard event queue. • Multiple events maybe compressed into one as in mouse movements.
- 43. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 43 Event Modifier Flags • SHIFT_MASK • CTRL_MASK • META_MASK • ALT_MASK • BUTTON1_MASK • BUTTON2_MASK • BUTTON3_MASK • Detect when certain keys are also pressed. int modifierFlags = myEvent.getModifiers(); if ((modifierFlags & InputEvent.CRTL_MASK)!=0) System.println.out(“Pressing the contrl key”);
- 44. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 44 Event Types • ComponentEvent //resized,moved, shown, hidden • FocusEvent //gained, lost • KeyEvent //typed, pressed, released • MouseEvent //clicked, pressed, released, //entered, exited • ContainerEvent //componentAdded componentRemoved • ActionEvent //fired by: JButton, JChekBox, … • AdjustmentEvent //fired by: JScrollBar • Many more ….
- 45. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 45 Event Adapter Classes • Map incoming events to a method to invoke on the model to achieve the function. • Separates the View & Controller from the Model (MVC) • Prebuilt adapter has stubbed out methods for events. You only implement the ones you are interested. You do this by extending the adapter and overiding the methods you need. • Follows a general design pattern of called “adapter”. • MouseAdapter, MouseInputAdapter, MouseMotionAdapter, KeyAdapter, ComponentAdapter, ContainerAdapter, DragSourceAdapter, DropTargetAdapter, FocusAdapter, WindowAdapter, …
- 46. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 46 AWT Robot! • Used to simulate keyboard and mouse programmatically. • It places events in the native system queues for the platform you are on (not just the java queue). • Used for recording and replaying activities in regression testing and other uses.
- 47. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 47 Multithreading and Swing • Swing components always execute on a single thread within your application. Not the main thread of your application, either. • Swing components are NOT multithread safe! • This is done for speed but influences how you must design for them. • We can ignore this for protoyping UIs but not for design of applications.
- 48. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 48 Swing Components
- 49. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 49 Sample dialog with a few controls. MySampleOfSwingControls1.java
- 50. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 50 JButton java.lang.Object | +--java.awt.Component | +--java.awt.Container | +--javax.swing.JComponent | +--javax.swing.AbstractButton | +--javax.swing.JButton
- 51. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 51 JButton • Used for a command • Push and shows a state change visually (pliancy) • Has a name, label text,
- 52. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 52 Adding items to the List
- 53. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 53 Add items to the model for the list
- 54. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 54 Changing the border of a list box
- 55. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 55 A Titled Border for a List Box
- 56. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 56 List Box Selection Modes • Single • Multiple_Interval • Single_Interval
- 57. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 57 Setting the Button group on a radio button
- 58. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 58 Setting the Mnemonics
- 59. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 59 Final Dialog Version
- 60. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 60 JComboBox • Two styles in the app – non-editable and editable • If you use the editable type you should check the input of the user to make sure it is acceptable. • You can change the style by changing the editable property.
- 61. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 61 Creating a JavaGUI -> SampleForms -> Application
- 62. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 62 Menu and Menu item hierarchy that defines the menus for the app
- 63. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 63 The default menus
- 64. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 64
- 65. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 65 Copy and paste a menu into the hierarchy
- 66. Poelman & Associates, Inc. (c) 2003 66 This shows 2 Edit menus