introduction to php and its uses in daily

What is PHP?
•PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor“.
•PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language
•PHP scripts are executed on the server
•PHP is free to download and use.
•PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code
•PHP code is executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser as plain HTML.
•PHP files have extension ".php"

What Can PHP Do?
•PHP can generate dynamic page content
•PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server
•PHP can collect form data
•PHP can send and receive cookies
•PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
•PHP can be used to control user-access
•PHP can encrypt data

• PHP was conceived sometime in the fall of 1994 by Rasmus
Lerdorf. Early non-released versions were used on his
home page to keep track of who was looking at his online
resume.
• The first version used by others was available sometime in
early 1995 and was known as the Personal Home Page
Tools.
HISTORY OF PHP

Set Up PHP on Your Own PC
To run PHP code, you need the following three software on your local machine:
1.Web Server (e.g., Apache)
2.PHP (Interpreter)
3.MySQL Databases (optional)
You can separately install Web Server, PHP Interpreter, and MySQL databases, but
to make work easier, developers have made all in one setup packages
called WAMP, LAMP, MAMP, and XAMPP, which will automatically install and set up
PHP environment on your Windows, Linux or MAC machines.
The official PHP website (PHP.net) has installation instructions for PHP:
http://php.net/manual/en/install.php

Basic PHP Syntax
A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document.
A PHP script starts with <?php and ends with ?>:
The default file extension for PHP files is ".php".
A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code.

PHP statements end with a semicolon (;).

introduction to php and its uses in daily

PHP echo and print Statements
With PHP, there are two basic ways to get output: echo and print.
PHP echo and print Statements
• echo and print are more or less the same. They are both used to output
data to the screen.
• The differences are small: echo has no return value while print has a
return value of 1 so it can be used in expressions. echo can take multiple
parameters (although such usage is rare) while print can take one
argument. echo is marginally faster than print.

The PHP echo Statement
The echo statement can be used with or without parentheses: echo or echo().

The PHP print Statement
The print statement can be used with or without parentheses: print or print().

PHP Variables
A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more
descriptive name (age, carname, total_volume).
Rules for PHP variables:
•A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the
variable
•A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore
character
•A variable name cannot start with a number
•A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and
underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )
•Variable names are case-sensitive ($age and $AGE are two
different variables)

Variables are "containers" for storing information.
Remember that PHP variable names are case-sensitive!

PHP Variables Scope
In PHP, variables can be declared anywhere in the script.
The scope of a variable is the part of the script where the
variable can be referenced/used.
PHP has three different variable scopes:
•local
•global
•static

Global and Local Scope
A variable declared outside a function has a GLOBAL SCOPE
and can only be accessed outside a function:

Difference between Server Side Scripting and Client Side Scripting
Client-side Scripting
•It helps work with the front end.
•It is visible to the users.
•The scripts are run on the client browser.
•It runs on the user/client’s computer.
•It depends on the browser’s version.
•It doesn’t interact with the server to process data.
•Client side scripting involves languages such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript.
•It helps reduce the load on the server.
•It is considered to be less secure in comparison to client side scripting.

Difference between Server Side Scripting and Client Side Scripting
Server-side Scripting
•It helps work with the back end.
•It doesn’t depend on the client.
•It runs on the web server.
•It helps provide a response to every request that comes in from the user/client.
•This is not visible to the client side of the application.
•It requires the interaction with the server for the data to be process.
•Server side scripting requires languages such as PHP, ASP.net, ColdFusion, Python, Ruby on
Rails.
•It is considered to be a secure way of working with applications.
•It can be used to customize web pages.
•It can also be used to provide dynamic websites.

PHP Loops
Loops are used to execute the same block of code again and again, as long as a certain
condition is true
In PHP, we have the following loop types:
•while - loops through a block of code as long as the specified
condition is true
•do...while - loops through a block of code once, and then repeats
the loop as long as the specified condition is true
•for - loops through a block of code a specified number of times
•foreach - loops through a block of code for each element in an array

PHP Conditional Statements
Very often when you write code, you want to perform different actions for different conditions. You
can use conditional statements in your code to do this.
In PHP we have the following conditional statements:
•if statement - executes some code if one condition is true
•if...else statement - executes some code if a condition is true and another code if that condition
is false
•if...elseif...else statement - executes different codes for more than two conditions
•switch statement - selects one of many blocks of code to be executed

PHP OOP - Access Modifiers
Properties and methods can have access modifiers which control where
they can be accessed.
There are three access modifiers:
•public - the property or method can be accessed from everywhere. This is
default.
•protected - the property or method can be accessed within the class and
by classes derived from that class.
•private - the property or method can ONLY be accessed within the class

<?php
class Fruit {
public $name;
public $color;
public $weight;
function set_name($n) { // a public function
(default)
$this->name = $n;
}
protected function set_color($n) { // a protected
function
$this->color = $n;
}
private function set_weight($n) { // a private
function
$this->weight = $n;
}
}
$mango = new Fruit();
$mango->set_name('Mango'); // OK
$mango->set_color('Yellow'); // ERROR
$mango->set_weight('300'); // ERROR
?>

PHP Operators
Operators are used to perform operations on variables
and values.
PHP divides the operators in the following groups:
•Arithmetic operators
•Assignment operators
•Comparison operators
•Increment/Decrement operators
•Logical operators
•String operators
•Array operators
•Conditional assignment operators

PHP Arithmetic Operators
The PHP arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common
arithmetical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc.
https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_operators.asp

https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_operators.asp
PHP Assignment Operators
The PHP assignment operators are used with numeric values to write a value to a variable.
The basic assignment operator in PHP is "=". It means that the left operand gets set to
the value of the assignment expression on the right.

PHP Comparison Operators
The PHP comparison operators are used to compare two values (number or string):

introduction to php and its uses in daily

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