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Introducing Java 7

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Markus Eisele, profile picture
Markus Eisele

The document discusses the 7th generation of Java (Java SE 7) including its history and key features. Some of the main points covered include: - Java SE 7 was released in July 2011 and included new features like strings in switch statements, binary literals, multi-catch exceptions, and try-with-resources statements. - It also focused on improving dynamic language support with JSR 292 and the invokedynamic bytecode, as well as various concurrency and collections updates. - Other additions included further enhancements to I/O with the NIO.2 APIs, security updates, and internationalization improvements.

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The 7th Generation JSR 336 Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 1
http://blog.eisele.net http://twitter.com/myfear
Agenda ‱ Java – Introduction, History and Status ‱ Dynamic Languages in the JVM ‱ Small Language Enhancements ‱ NIO 2 ‱ Other News ‱ Java Virtual Maschine Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 3
Introduction, History and Status ‱ History ‱ JSR 336 ‱ OpenJDK ‱ Schedule Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 4
History JDK/Year Comment JDK 1.1 (released on Feb 19,1997) Major additions included an extensive retooling of the AWT event model, inner classes added to the language, JavaBeans and JDBC. J2SE 1.2 (Dec 8, 1998) Reflection, a Collections framework, Java IDL (an IDL Codename Playground. implementation for CORBA interoperability), Swing graphical API, a Java Plug-in, JIT compiler. Bundling of the HotSpot JVM (the HotSpot JVM was first J2SE 1.3 (May 8, 2000) released in April, 1999 for the J2SE 1.2 JVM), JavaSound, Codename Kestrel. JNDI and JPDA. J2SE 1.4 (Feb 6, 2002) Developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 59. Codename Merlin. Regular expressions modeled after Perl, exception chaining, an integrated XML parser and XSLT processor (JAXP), and Java Web Start. J2SE 5.0 or 1.5 (Sep 30, 2004) Developed as JSR 176, New language features including the Codename Tiger. for-each loop, generics, autoboxing and var-args. Java SE 6 (Dec 11, 2006) Database manager, Use of scripting languages with the JVM, Codename Mustang Visual Basic language support. Support for pluggable annotations (JSR 269), GUI improvements, including native UI enhancements, improvements to the JPDA & JVM Tool Interface Java SE 7 — Codename Dolphin (Jul 28,2011) The Dolphin Project started in August 2006 Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 5
Plan A or Plan B – The Sundown ―It‘s been clear for some time that the most recent JDK 7 development schedule is, to put it mildly, unrealistic.‖ (Mark Reinhold, 2010/09/08) Plan A: JDK 7 (as defined by Sun) Mid 2012 JDK 7 (minus Lambda, Plan B: Mid 2011 Jigsaw, and part of Coin) JDK 8 (Lambda, Jigsaw, the Late 2012 rest of Coin, ++) http://mreinhold.org/blog/rethinking-jdk7 Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 6
Plan B! – Moving Java Foreward Java SE 7 — Mid 2011 Java SE 8 — Late 2012 ‱ JSR 292: Support for Dynamically-Typed ‱ JSR 294: Language and VM Support for Languages (―InvokeDynamic‖) ‱ JSR 334: Small Language Enhancements Modular Programming (Project Coin) ‱ JSR TBD: Platform Modularization ‱ Upgrade Class-Loader Architecture ‱ JSR TBD: Lambda Expressions, Default ‱ Method to Close a URLClassLoader Methods, & Bulk Data Operations ‱ Concurrency and Collections Updates (Project Lambda) (including the Fork/Join Framework) ‱ Unicode 6.0 ‱ JSR 308: Annotations on Java Types ‱ Locale Enhancements (IETF BCP 47 & ‱ JSR TBD: More Small Language UTR 35) Enhancements (Project Coin part 2) ‱ JSR 203: More New I/O APIs (―NIO.2‖) ‱ TLS 1.2 ‱ Elliptic-Curve Cryptography (ECC) ‱ JDBC 4.1 ‱ Translucent & Shaped Windows ‱ Heavyweight/Lightweight Component Mixing ‱ Swing: Nimbus Look-and-Feel ‱ Swing: JLayer Component ‱ Update the XML Stack (JAXP, JAXB, & JAX-WS) http://mreinhold.org/blog/plan-b-details Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 7
JSR #336, 06.06.2011 http://jcp.org/en/jsr/results?id=5207 Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 8
What is the OpenJDK? ‱ JDK7 is the second JDK done via the OpenJDK effort ‱ OpenJDK is free, open-source and GPL licensed (+ CP-Exception) (http://openjdk.java.net/legal/gplv2+ce.html) ‱ A lot of the improvements of JDK7 are separate projects on OpenJDK (http://openjdk.java.net/projects/) ‱ Some say that projects go under the cap of OpenJDK to avoid the cumbersome and slow JCP process Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 9
OpenJDK Schedule Milestone Date # of Builds Comment M1 2009/01/02 – 2009/02/19 (b48) 7 builds M2 2009/02/20 – 2009/04/02 (b53) 5 builds M3 2009/04/03 – 2009/05/14 (b59) 6 builds JavaOne Preview M4 2009/06/05 – 2009/07/23 (b66) 7 builds M5 2009/07/24 – 2009/11/12 (b76) 10 builds M6 2009/11/27 – 2010/02/18 (b84) 8 builds M7 2010/02/26 – 2010/04/15 (b89) 5 builds M8 2010/04/16 – 2010/06/03 (b96) 7 builds M9 2010/06/04 – 2010/07/29 (b103) 7 builds M10 2010/07/30 – 2010/09/09 (b109) 6 builds M11 2010/09/10 – 2010/12/23 (b123) 14 builds Feature Complete M12 2010/12/31 – 2011/02/17 (b130) 7 builds Developer Preview 2011/04/12 Rampdown start: P1-P3 bugs only 2011/04/28 API/interface changes: Showstoppers only 2011/05/11 All targeted bugs addressed 2011/05/18 Bug fixes: Showstoppers only M13 2011/02/18 – 2011/06/02 (b145) 15 builds Last scheduled build - Final test cycle starts GA 2011/07/28 General Availability Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 10
Dynamic Languages in the JVM ‱ The Da Vinci Maschine Project ‱ JSR 292: Supporting Dynamically Typed Languages on the Java Plattform Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 11
The Da Vinci Maschine Project a multi-language renaissance for the Javaℱ Virtual Machine architecture ‱ Da Vinci Machine sub-projects include: ‱ Dynamic invocation ‱ Continuations ‱ Tail-calls ‱ And interface injection ‱ JVM has 4 bytecodes for method  invokevirtual - Invokes a method on a class. This is the typical type of method invocation.  invokeinterface - Invokes a method on an interface.  invokestatic - Invokes a static method on a class. This is the only kind of invocation that lacks a receiver argument.  invokespecial - Invokes a method without reference to the type of the receiver. Methods called this way can be constructors, superclass methods, or private methods. ‱ + one more since 1.7:  invokedynamic Invokedynamic is the first new java bytecode since Java 1.0. Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 12
JSR 292: InvokeDynamic ‱ The standard behind Da Vinci Machine ‱ Natural continuation of JSR 223: Scripting for the Java Platform implemented in JDK ‱ New JVM instruction invokedynamic  Allows extremely fast dynamic method invocation through method handles  Will enable JRuby, Jython, Groovy and other dynamic and scripting languages to call dynamic methods natively at bytecode level ‱ Method handles  Lightweight references to a method – java.dyn.MethodHandle  Anonymous classes in the JVM ‱ Autonomous methods  Methods that can be dynamically attached to an existing class at runtime ‱ Interface injection  Acquiring base interfaces and method implementations at runtime ‱ Continuations and stack introspection  Suspend / resume thread's execution stack ‱ Tail calls and tail recursion http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=292 http://blogs.oracle.com/gbracha/resource/JAOO2005.pdf http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/DynTypeLang/index.html Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 13
Small Enhancements to the Java Programming Language ‱ Strings in switch ‱ Binary integral literals and underscore literals ‱ Multi-Catch and more precise rethrow ‱ Improved type interence for Gerneric instance creation (diamond) ‱ Try-with-resources statement ‱ Simplified varargs method invocation Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 14
Strings in Switch String s = ""; switch (s) { case “doag": out.println("1"); break; case “ukoug": out.println("2"); break; default: out.println("Unknown UG."); break; } Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 15
Underscores in Numbers public static void main(String... args) { // THE OLD WAY int oldBillion = 1000000000; // THE NEW WAY int newBillion = 1_000_000_000; } Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 16
Binary Literals public static void main(String... args) { // THE OLD WAY int oldBinary1 = 153; int oldBinary2 = 128 ^ 0 ^ 0 ^ 16 ^ 8 ^ 0 ^ 0 ^ 1; // THE NEW WAY int newBinary = 0b1001_1001; out.println(oldBinary1); out.println(oldBinary2); out.println(format("[0b1001_1001] is {0}", newBinary)); } Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 17
Multi-Catch and more precise rethrow try { throwAorB(); } catch (ExceptionA | ExceptionB ex) { throw ex; } try { throwAorB(); } catch (final Throwable t) { throw t; // ExceptionA or ExceptionB } Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 18
Improved Type Inference for Generic Instance Creation ‱ This: Map<String, List<String>> anagrams = new HashMap<String, List<String>>(); ‱ 
.becomes: Map<String, List<String>> anagrams = new HashMap<>(); ‱ <> is called the „Diamond― Operator Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 19
Try with resources private static void close(Closeable closable) { if (closable != null) { try { closable.close(); } catch (IOException e) { //optional System.err.println(e); } } } try (InputStream fis = new FileInputStream(source); OutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(target)) { // do stuff } // closed here Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 20
More New I/O APIs for the Java Platform ‱ java.io.File ‱ java.nio.file.Path ‱ java.nio.file.FileSystem ‱ Other Usefull Methods Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 21
File File file = new java.io.File(“mypath/subPath"); Path path = file.toPath(); System.out.println("Created path (%s) of type %s%n”, path, path.getClass().getName()); Created path (myPathsubPath) of type sun.nio.fs.WindowsPath http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/io/fileio.html Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 22
Path Path path = java.nio.file.Paths.get("myPath", "subPath"); System.out.println("Created path (%s) of type %s%n", path, path.getClass().getName()); Created path (myPathsubPath) of type sun.nio.fs.WindowsPath Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 23
Filesystem Path path = FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("mypath", "subPath"); System.out.println("Created path (%s) of type %s%n", path, path.getClass().getName()); Created path (myPathsubPath) of type sun.nio.fs.WindowsPath Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 24
Determining MIME Types Path path = FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("java7.docx"); try { String type = Files.probeContentType(path); System.out.format("'%s' has the filetype '%s'.%n", path, type); } catch (IOException x) { System.err.println(x); } 'java7.docx' has the filetype 'application/vnd.openxmlformats- officedocument.wordprocessingml.document'. Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 25
Other news ‱ Concurrency and collections updates (jsr166y) ‱ Security ‱ Internationalization ‱ SCTP SDP TLS , , ‱ JDBC 4.1 + RowSet 1.1 ‱ Other other other Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 26
Concurrency and Collections Updates - JSR 166y ‱ Java threads on diet ‱ Thread class in Java is quite limited and doesn‘t support multi-cored hardware well enough. The fork/join framework is the answer. ‱ introduces a layer of indirection between threads and tasks. ‱ create a pool of threads the size of which corresponds to the number of processors/cores you have ‱ and then start assigning tasks to the pool if (my portion of the work is small enough) do the work directly else split my work into two pieces invoke the two pieces and wait for the results ‱ Wrap this code as a ForkJoinTask subclass, typically as one of its more specialized types RecursiveTask (which can return a result) or RecursiveAction. ‱ After your ForkJoinTask is ready, create one that represents all the work to be done and pass it to the invoke() method of a ForkJoinPool instance. http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/concurrency/forkjoin.html Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 27
Concurrency and Collections Updates - JSR 166y run: Array size is 59764 Threshold is 10000 8 processors are available Image blur took 26 milliseconds. http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/concurrency/examples/ForkBlur.java Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 28
Security ‱ Native ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) ‱ TLS (Transport Layer Security)1.2 ‱ Stronger pseudorandom functions, additional (stronger) hash/signature algorithms, enhanced key exchange ‱ ASLR (Address space layout randomization) ‱ DEP (Data Execution Prevention) – Windows Only Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 29
Internationalization ‱ Unicode 6.0 ‱ IETF BCP47 and UTR35 ‱ One language many character codes (Kanji, Hiragana, Katakana, Romaji) ‱ Three-letter base language codes; three-digit region codes ‱ Separate user locale and user interface locale ‱ Currency data enhancements Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 30
More Network Stuff ‱ SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) ‱ used in Solaris ‱ SDP (Sockets Direct Protocol) ‱ Infiniband protocol ‱ Redirection for Subprocess ‱ You will be able to use Redirection for sub process, redirecting stdout and stderr for that sub process only. ‱ Vista IPv6 stack Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 31
JDBC 4.1 ‱ Using try-with-resources Statements to Automatically Close JDBC Resources public static void getCoffees(Connection con) throws SQLException { String query = "select COF_NAME, PRICE from COFFEES"; try (Statement stmt = con.createStatement()) { ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query); while (rs.next()) { String coffeeName = rs.getString("COF_NAME"); float price = rs.getFloat("PRICE"); System.out.println(coffeeName + ", " + price); } } } Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 32
RowSet 1.1 - RowSetFactory ‱ You can use an instance of RowSetFactory to create a RowSet object. public void testJdbcRowSet(String username, String password) throws SQLException { RowSetFactory myRowSetFactory = null; JdbcRowSet jdbcRs = null; ResultSet rs = null; Statement stmt = null; try { myRowSetFactory = RowSetProvider.newFactory(); jdbcRs = myRowSetFactory.createJdbcRowSet(); jdbcRs.setUrl("jdbc:myDriver:myAttribute"); jdbcRs.setUsername(username); jdbcRs.setPassword(password); jdbcRs.setCommand("select COF_NAME, SUP_ID, PRICE, SALES, TOTAL from COFFEES"); jdbcRs.execute(); // ... } catch (Exception e) { // handle } } http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jdbc/basics/jdbcrowset.html Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 33
RowSet 1.1 – FilteredRowSet ‱ A FilteredRowSet object lets you cut down the number of rows that are visible in a RowSet object so that you can work with only the data that is relevant to what you are doing. FilteredRowSet fRs = myRowSetFactory.createFilteredRowSet(); Range name = new Range(1, 10, "id"); fRs.setFilter(name); fRs.next(); // only ids from 1 to 10 will be returned http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jdbc/basics/filteredrowset.html Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 34
RowSet 1.1 – CachedRowSet ‱ A CachedRowSet object is special in that it can operate without being connected to its data source, that is, it is a disconnected RowSet object. CachedRowSet cRs = myRowSetFactory.createCachedRowSet(); cRs.setCommand("select * from COFFEES"); cRs.execute(); // RowSet gets populated http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jdbc/basics/cachedrowset.html Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 35
Other other other ‱ Added Nimbus L&F to the standard  Much better –modern- look than what was previously available ‱ Platform APIs for Java 6u10 Graphics Features  Shaped and translucent windows ‱ JXLayer core included in the standard  Formerly SwingLabs component ‱ Allows easier layering inside of a component ‱ Optimized Java2D Rendering Pipeline for X-Windows  Allows hardware accelerated remote X Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 36
Other other other ‱ Better font configuration on Unix ‱ Now uses standard Unix mechanism to find fonts. ‱ JAXP 1.4.4, JAXWS 2.2 and JAXB 2.2 ‱ Upgrade class-loader architecture ‱ Modifications to the ClassLoader API and implementation to avoid deadlocks in non- hierarchical class-loader topologies ‱ Close URLClassloaders ‱ Allows applications to proactively clean up classloaders, freeing up native resources and unlocking JAR files ‱ Javadoc support for stylesheets Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 37
What‗s up JavaDoc? http://download.java.net/jdk7/docs/api/ Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 38
Java Virtual Maschine ‱ Garbage-First (GC1) ‱ HotRockit Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 39
Garbage First (G1) ‱ "server-style" GC ‱ More predictable GC pauses ‱ Better GC ergonomics ‱ Low pauses without fragmentation ‱ Parallelism and concurrency in collections ‱ Better heap utilization G1 ‱ -XX:+UseG1GC ‱ -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=50 ‱ -XX:GCPauseIntervalMillis=200 ‱ G1 is planned to replace CMS in the Hotspot JVM http://labs.oracle.com/jtech/pubs/04-g1-paper-ismm.pdf Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 40
JVM Convergence – Project HotRockit ‱ 2 teams enter, one team leave 
. ‱ Hotspot ‱ Market share ‱ Client and Server version ‱ Quality ‱ JRockit ‱ Value adds ‱ JRockit Mission Control ‱ JRockit Flight Recorder ‱ JRockit Virtual Edition ‱ Optimized for the Oracle stack ‱ 1+1 = 1.15 ‱ Lot of common features in both the JVMs ‱ converging them will add roughly 15% new features ‱ First JRockit code check in to OpenJDK ‱ Wed Feb 02 13:23:17 2011 +0100 ‱ Changing 1652 files ‱ Done by Stefan Karlsson Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 41
JVM Convergence – Project HotRockit Hopefully, the convergence will be completed by JDK 8 GA, but no promises as of today! JDK 7 GA JDK 7 Update X JDK 7 Update Y JDK 8 GA ‱ Java SE 7 Support ‱ Performance ‱ More performance ‱ Java SE 8 Support ‱ Rebranding ‱ Initial JRockit ‱ Improved command ‱ All performance Flight Recorder line servicability features from ‱ No PermGen Support (jrcmd) JRockit ported (stretch goal) ‱ G1 complete as ‱ I/O Performance ‱ Improved JMX CMS replacement ‱ JIT Agent ‱ Non-contiguous Optimizations ‱ Command line heaps ‱ All servicability servicability tool (jrcmd) ‱ Complete JRockit features from Flight Recorder JRockit ported ‱ JRockit Mission Support ‱ Compiler Control Console support ‱ JRockit Virtual controls Edition Support ‱ Verbose logging ‱ Soft Real Time GC ‱ JRockit Mission Control Memleak Tool Support = Commercial Add-On Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 42
Hate Java? You‗re fighting the wrong battle. ‱ Java has been widely ‱ Tell me, what do the successful for a number of following have in reasons: common? ‱ It‘s widely accepted in the established companies. ‱ Paying with a credit card. ‱ It‘s one of the fastest ‱ Going to the emergency languages. room. ‱ It‘s one of the most secure ‱ Adjusting your 401k. languages. ‱ Synchronization primitives are ‱ Using your insurance card built into the language. at the dentist. ‱ It‘s platform independent. ‱ Shopping around for the ‱ Hotspot is open source. best car insurance. ‱ Thousands of vendors exist for ‱ A BNSF train pulling a a multitude of Java products. Union Pacific coal car. ‱ Thousands of open source ‱ Transferring money libraries exist for Java. ‱ Community governance via between banks. that JCP (pre-Oracle). ‱ Filling a prescription. http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/06/hate-java-fight-wrong-battle.html Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 43
Thank your for your attention! Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names appearing on the slides may be trademarks of their respective owners. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle‘s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle. Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 44

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Introducing Java 7

  • 1. The 7th Generation JSR 336 Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 1
  • 3. Agenda ‱ Java – Introduction, History and Status ‱ Dynamic Languages in the JVM ‱ Small Language Enhancements ‱ NIO 2 ‱ Other News ‱ Java Virtual Maschine Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 3
  • 4. Introduction, History and Status ‱ History ‱ JSR 336 ‱ OpenJDK ‱ Schedule Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 4
  • 5. History JDK/Year Comment JDK 1.1 (released on Feb 19,1997) Major additions included an extensive retooling of the AWT event model, inner classes added to the language, JavaBeans and JDBC. J2SE 1.2 (Dec 8, 1998) Reflection, a Collections framework, Java IDL (an IDL Codename Playground. implementation for CORBA interoperability), Swing graphical API, a Java Plug-in, JIT compiler. Bundling of the HotSpot JVM (the HotSpot JVM was first J2SE 1.3 (May 8, 2000) released in April, 1999 for the J2SE 1.2 JVM), JavaSound, Codename Kestrel. JNDI and JPDA. J2SE 1.4 (Feb 6, 2002) Developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 59. Codename Merlin. Regular expressions modeled after Perl, exception chaining, an integrated XML parser and XSLT processor (JAXP), and Java Web Start. J2SE 5.0 or 1.5 (Sep 30, 2004) Developed as JSR 176, New language features including the Codename Tiger. for-each loop, generics, autoboxing and var-args. Java SE 6 (Dec 11, 2006) Database manager, Use of scripting languages with the JVM, Codename Mustang Visual Basic language support. Support for pluggable annotations (JSR 269), GUI improvements, including native UI enhancements, improvements to the JPDA & JVM Tool Interface Java SE 7 — Codename Dolphin (Jul 28,2011) The Dolphin Project started in August 2006 Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 5
  • 6. Plan A or Plan B – The Sundown ―It‘s been clear for some time that the most recent JDK 7 development schedule is, to put it mildly, unrealistic.‖ (Mark Reinhold, 2010/09/08) Plan A: JDK 7 (as defined by Sun) Mid 2012 JDK 7 (minus Lambda, Plan B: Mid 2011 Jigsaw, and part of Coin) JDK 8 (Lambda, Jigsaw, the Late 2012 rest of Coin, ++) http://mreinhold.org/blog/rethinking-jdk7 Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 6
  • 7. Plan B! – Moving Java Foreward Java SE 7 — Mid 2011 Java SE 8 — Late 2012 ‱ JSR 292: Support for Dynamically-Typed ‱ JSR 294: Language and VM Support for Languages (―InvokeDynamic‖) ‱ JSR 334: Small Language Enhancements Modular Programming (Project Coin) ‱ JSR TBD: Platform Modularization ‱ Upgrade Class-Loader Architecture ‱ JSR TBD: Lambda Expressions, Default ‱ Method to Close a URLClassLoader Methods, & Bulk Data Operations ‱ Concurrency and Collections Updates (Project Lambda) (including the Fork/Join Framework) ‱ Unicode 6.0 ‱ JSR 308: Annotations on Java Types ‱ Locale Enhancements (IETF BCP 47 & ‱ JSR TBD: More Small Language UTR 35) Enhancements (Project Coin part 2) ‱ JSR 203: More New I/O APIs (―NIO.2‖) ‱ TLS 1.2 ‱ Elliptic-Curve Cryptography (ECC) ‱ JDBC 4.1 ‱ Translucent & Shaped Windows ‱ Heavyweight/Lightweight Component Mixing ‱ Swing: Nimbus Look-and-Feel ‱ Swing: JLayer Component ‱ Update the XML Stack (JAXP, JAXB, & JAX-WS) http://mreinhold.org/blog/plan-b-details Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 7
  • 8. JSR #336, 06.06.2011 http://jcp.org/en/jsr/results?id=5207 Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 8
  • 9. What is the OpenJDK? ‱ JDK7 is the second JDK done via the OpenJDK effort ‱ OpenJDK is free, open-source and GPL licensed (+ CP-Exception) (http://openjdk.java.net/legal/gplv2+ce.html) ‱ A lot of the improvements of JDK7 are separate projects on OpenJDK (http://openjdk.java.net/projects/) ‱ Some say that projects go under the cap of OpenJDK to avoid the cumbersome and slow JCP process Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 9
  • 10. OpenJDK Schedule Milestone Date # of Builds Comment M1 2009/01/02 – 2009/02/19 (b48) 7 builds M2 2009/02/20 – 2009/04/02 (b53) 5 builds M3 2009/04/03 – 2009/05/14 (b59) 6 builds JavaOne Preview M4 2009/06/05 – 2009/07/23 (b66) 7 builds M5 2009/07/24 – 2009/11/12 (b76) 10 builds M6 2009/11/27 – 2010/02/18 (b84) 8 builds M7 2010/02/26 – 2010/04/15 (b89) 5 builds M8 2010/04/16 – 2010/06/03 (b96) 7 builds M9 2010/06/04 – 2010/07/29 (b103) 7 builds M10 2010/07/30 – 2010/09/09 (b109) 6 builds M11 2010/09/10 – 2010/12/23 (b123) 14 builds Feature Complete M12 2010/12/31 – 2011/02/17 (b130) 7 builds Developer Preview 2011/04/12 Rampdown start: P1-P3 bugs only 2011/04/28 API/interface changes: Showstoppers only 2011/05/11 All targeted bugs addressed 2011/05/18 Bug fixes: Showstoppers only M13 2011/02/18 – 2011/06/02 (b145) 15 builds Last scheduled build - Final test cycle starts GA 2011/07/28 General Availability Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 10
  • 11. Dynamic Languages in the JVM ‱ The Da Vinci Maschine Project ‱ JSR 292: Supporting Dynamically Typed Languages on the Java Plattform Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 11
  • 12. The Da Vinci Maschine Project a multi-language renaissance for the Javaℱ Virtual Machine architecture ‱ Da Vinci Machine sub-projects include: ‱ Dynamic invocation ‱ Continuations ‱ Tail-calls ‱ And interface injection ‱ JVM has 4 bytecodes for method  invokevirtual - Invokes a method on a class. This is the typical type of method invocation.  invokeinterface - Invokes a method on an interface.  invokestatic - Invokes a static method on a class. This is the only kind of invocation that lacks a receiver argument.  invokespecial - Invokes a method without reference to the type of the receiver. Methods called this way can be constructors, superclass methods, or private methods. ‱ + one more since 1.7:  invokedynamic Invokedynamic is the first new java bytecode since Java 1.0. Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 12
  • 13. JSR 292: InvokeDynamic ‱ The standard behind Da Vinci Machine ‱ Natural continuation of JSR 223: Scripting for the Java Platform implemented in JDK ‱ New JVM instruction invokedynamic  Allows extremely fast dynamic method invocation through method handles  Will enable JRuby, Jython, Groovy and other dynamic and scripting languages to call dynamic methods natively at bytecode level ‱ Method handles  Lightweight references to a method – java.dyn.MethodHandle  Anonymous classes in the JVM ‱ Autonomous methods  Methods that can be dynamically attached to an existing class at runtime ‱ Interface injection  Acquiring base interfaces and method implementations at runtime ‱ Continuations and stack introspection  Suspend / resume thread's execution stack ‱ Tail calls and tail recursion http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=292 http://blogs.oracle.com/gbracha/resource/JAOO2005.pdf http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/DynTypeLang/index.html Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 13
  • 14. Small Enhancements to the Java Programming Language ‱ Strings in switch ‱ Binary integral literals and underscore literals ‱ Multi-Catch and more precise rethrow ‱ Improved type interence for Gerneric instance creation (diamond) ‱ Try-with-resources statement ‱ Simplified varargs method invocation Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 14
  • 15. Strings in Switch String s = ""; switch (s) { case “doag": out.println("1"); break; case “ukoug": out.println("2"); break; default: out.println("Unknown UG."); break; } Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 15
  • 16. Underscores in Numbers public static void main(String... args) { // THE OLD WAY int oldBillion = 1000000000; // THE NEW WAY int newBillion = 1_000_000_000; } Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 16
  • 17. Binary Literals public static void main(String... args) { // THE OLD WAY int oldBinary1 = 153; int oldBinary2 = 128 ^ 0 ^ 0 ^ 16 ^ 8 ^ 0 ^ 0 ^ 1; // THE NEW WAY int newBinary = 0b1001_1001; out.println(oldBinary1); out.println(oldBinary2); out.println(format("[0b1001_1001] is {0}", newBinary)); } Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 17
  • 18. Multi-Catch and more precise rethrow try { throwAorB(); } catch (ExceptionA | ExceptionB ex) { throw ex; } try { throwAorB(); } catch (final Throwable t) { throw t; // ExceptionA or ExceptionB } Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 18
  • 19. Improved Type Inference for Generic Instance Creation ‱ This: Map<String, List<String>> anagrams = new HashMap<String, List<String>>(); ‱ 
.becomes: Map<String, List<String>> anagrams = new HashMap<>(); ‱ <> is called the „Diamond― Operator Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 19
  • 20. Try with resources private static void close(Closeable closable) { if (closable != null) { try { closable.close(); } catch (IOException e) { //optional System.err.println(e); } } } try (InputStream fis = new FileInputStream(source); OutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(target)) { // do stuff } // closed here Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 20
  • 21. More New I/O APIs for the Java Platform ‱ java.io.File ‱ java.nio.file.Path ‱ java.nio.file.FileSystem ‱ Other Usefull Methods Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 21
  • 22. File File file = new java.io.File(“mypath/subPath"); Path path = file.toPath(); System.out.println("Created path (%s) of type %s%n”, path, path.getClass().getName()); Created path (myPathsubPath) of type sun.nio.fs.WindowsPath http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/io/fileio.html Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 22
  • 23. Path Path path = java.nio.file.Paths.get("myPath", "subPath"); System.out.println("Created path (%s) of type %s%n", path, path.getClass().getName()); Created path (myPathsubPath) of type sun.nio.fs.WindowsPath Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 23
  • 24. Filesystem Path path = FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("mypath", "subPath"); System.out.println("Created path (%s) of type %s%n", path, path.getClass().getName()); Created path (myPathsubPath) of type sun.nio.fs.WindowsPath Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 24
  • 25. Determining MIME Types Path path = FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("java7.docx"); try { String type = Files.probeContentType(path); System.out.format("'%s' has the filetype '%s'.%n", path, type); } catch (IOException x) { System.err.println(x); } 'java7.docx' has the filetype 'application/vnd.openxmlformats- officedocument.wordprocessingml.document'. Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 25
  • 26. Other news ‱ Concurrency and collections updates (jsr166y) ‱ Security ‱ Internationalization ‱ SCTP SDP TLS , , ‱ JDBC 4.1 + RowSet 1.1 ‱ Other other other Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 26
  • 27. Concurrency and Collections Updates - JSR 166y ‱ Java threads on diet ‱ Thread class in Java is quite limited and doesn‘t support multi-cored hardware well enough. The fork/join framework is the answer. ‱ introduces a layer of indirection between threads and tasks. ‱ create a pool of threads the size of which corresponds to the number of processors/cores you have ‱ and then start assigning tasks to the pool if (my portion of the work is small enough) do the work directly else split my work into two pieces invoke the two pieces and wait for the results ‱ Wrap this code as a ForkJoinTask subclass, typically as one of its more specialized types RecursiveTask (which can return a result) or RecursiveAction. ‱ After your ForkJoinTask is ready, create one that represents all the work to be done and pass it to the invoke() method of a ForkJoinPool instance. http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/concurrency/forkjoin.html Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 27
  • 28. Concurrency and Collections Updates - JSR 166y run: Array size is 59764 Threshold is 10000 8 processors are available Image blur took 26 milliseconds. http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/concurrency/examples/ForkBlur.java Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 28
  • 29. Security ‱ Native ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) ‱ TLS (Transport Layer Security)1.2 ‱ Stronger pseudorandom functions, additional (stronger) hash/signature algorithms, enhanced key exchange ‱ ASLR (Address space layout randomization) ‱ DEP (Data Execution Prevention) – Windows Only Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 29
  • 30. Internationalization ‱ Unicode 6.0 ‱ IETF BCP47 and UTR35 ‱ One language many character codes (Kanji, Hiragana, Katakana, Romaji) ‱ Three-letter base language codes; three-digit region codes ‱ Separate user locale and user interface locale ‱ Currency data enhancements Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 30
  • 31. More Network Stuff ‱ SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) ‱ used in Solaris ‱ SDP (Sockets Direct Protocol) ‱ Infiniband protocol ‱ Redirection for Subprocess ‱ You will be able to use Redirection for sub process, redirecting stdout and stderr for that sub process only. ‱ Vista IPv6 stack Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 31
  • 32. JDBC 4.1 ‱ Using try-with-resources Statements to Automatically Close JDBC Resources public static void getCoffees(Connection con) throws SQLException { String query = "select COF_NAME, PRICE from COFFEES"; try (Statement stmt = con.createStatement()) { ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query); while (rs.next()) { String coffeeName = rs.getString("COF_NAME"); float price = rs.getFloat("PRICE"); System.out.println(coffeeName + ", " + price); } } } Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 32
  • 33. RowSet 1.1 - RowSetFactory ‱ You can use an instance of RowSetFactory to create a RowSet object. public void testJdbcRowSet(String username, String password) throws SQLException { RowSetFactory myRowSetFactory = null; JdbcRowSet jdbcRs = null; ResultSet rs = null; Statement stmt = null; try { myRowSetFactory = RowSetProvider.newFactory(); jdbcRs = myRowSetFactory.createJdbcRowSet(); jdbcRs.setUrl("jdbc:myDriver:myAttribute"); jdbcRs.setUsername(username); jdbcRs.setPassword(password); jdbcRs.setCommand("select COF_NAME, SUP_ID, PRICE, SALES, TOTAL from COFFEES"); jdbcRs.execute(); // ... } catch (Exception e) { // handle } } http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jdbc/basics/jdbcrowset.html Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 33
  • 34. RowSet 1.1 – FilteredRowSet ‱ A FilteredRowSet object lets you cut down the number of rows that are visible in a RowSet object so that you can work with only the data that is relevant to what you are doing. FilteredRowSet fRs = myRowSetFactory.createFilteredRowSet(); Range name = new Range(1, 10, "id"); fRs.setFilter(name); fRs.next(); // only ids from 1 to 10 will be returned http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jdbc/basics/filteredrowset.html Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 34
  • 35. RowSet 1.1 – CachedRowSet ‱ A CachedRowSet object is special in that it can operate without being connected to its data source, that is, it is a disconnected RowSet object. CachedRowSet cRs = myRowSetFactory.createCachedRowSet(); cRs.setCommand("select * from COFFEES"); cRs.execute(); // RowSet gets populated http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jdbc/basics/cachedrowset.html Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 35
  • 36. Other other other ‱ Added Nimbus L&F to the standard  Much better –modern- look than what was previously available ‱ Platform APIs for Java 6u10 Graphics Features  Shaped and translucent windows ‱ JXLayer core included in the standard  Formerly SwingLabs component ‱ Allows easier layering inside of a component ‱ Optimized Java2D Rendering Pipeline for X-Windows  Allows hardware accelerated remote X Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 36
  • 37. Other other other ‱ Better font configuration on Unix ‱ Now uses standard Unix mechanism to find fonts. ‱ JAXP 1.4.4, JAXWS 2.2 and JAXB 2.2 ‱ Upgrade class-loader architecture ‱ Modifications to the ClassLoader API and implementation to avoid deadlocks in non- hierarchical class-loader topologies ‱ Close URLClassloaders ‱ Allows applications to proactively clean up classloaders, freeing up native resources and unlocking JAR files ‱ Javadoc support for stylesheets Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 37
  • 38. What‗s up JavaDoc? http://download.java.net/jdk7/docs/api/ Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 38
  • 39. Java Virtual Maschine ‱ Garbage-First (GC1) ‱ HotRockit Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 39
  • 40. Garbage First (G1) ‱ "server-style" GC ‱ More predictable GC pauses ‱ Better GC ergonomics ‱ Low pauses without fragmentation ‱ Parallelism and concurrency in collections ‱ Better heap utilization G1 ‱ -XX:+UseG1GC ‱ -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=50 ‱ -XX:GCPauseIntervalMillis=200 ‱ G1 is planned to replace CMS in the Hotspot JVM http://labs.oracle.com/jtech/pubs/04-g1-paper-ismm.pdf Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 40
  • 41. JVM Convergence – Project HotRockit ‱ 2 teams enter, one team leave 
. ‱ Hotspot ‱ Market share ‱ Client and Server version ‱ Quality ‱ JRockit ‱ Value adds ‱ JRockit Mission Control ‱ JRockit Flight Recorder ‱ JRockit Virtual Edition ‱ Optimized for the Oracle stack ‱ 1+1 = 1.15 ‱ Lot of common features in both the JVMs ‱ converging them will add roughly 15% new features ‱ First JRockit code check in to OpenJDK ‱ Wed Feb 02 13:23:17 2011 +0100 ‱ Changing 1652 files ‱ Done by Stefan Karlsson Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 41
  • 42. JVM Convergence – Project HotRockit Hopefully, the convergence will be completed by JDK 8 GA, but no promises as of today! JDK 7 GA JDK 7 Update X JDK 7 Update Y JDK 8 GA ‱ Java SE 7 Support ‱ Performance ‱ More performance ‱ Java SE 8 Support ‱ Rebranding ‱ Initial JRockit ‱ Improved command ‱ All performance Flight Recorder line servicability features from ‱ No PermGen Support (jrcmd) JRockit ported (stretch goal) ‱ G1 complete as ‱ I/O Performance ‱ Improved JMX CMS replacement ‱ JIT Agent ‱ Non-contiguous Optimizations ‱ Command line heaps ‱ All servicability servicability tool (jrcmd) ‱ Complete JRockit features from Flight Recorder JRockit ported ‱ JRockit Mission Support ‱ Compiler Control Console support ‱ JRockit Virtual controls Edition Support ‱ Verbose logging ‱ Soft Real Time GC ‱ JRockit Mission Control Memleak Tool Support = Commercial Add-On Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 42
  • 43. Hate Java? You‗re fighting the wrong battle. ‱ Java has been widely ‱ Tell me, what do the successful for a number of following have in reasons: common? ‱ It‘s widely accepted in the established companies. ‱ Paying with a credit card. ‱ It‘s one of the fastest ‱ Going to the emergency languages. room. ‱ It‘s one of the most secure ‱ Adjusting your 401k. languages. ‱ Synchronization primitives are ‱ Using your insurance card built into the language. at the dentist. ‱ It‘s platform independent. ‱ Shopping around for the ‱ Hotspot is open source. best car insurance. ‱ Thousands of vendors exist for ‱ A BNSF train pulling a a multitude of Java products. Union Pacific coal car. ‱ Thousands of open source ‱ Transferring money libraries exist for Java. ‱ Community governance via between banks. that JCP (pre-Oracle). ‱ Filling a prescription. http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/06/hate-java-fight-wrong-battle.html Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 43
  • 44. Thank your for your attention! Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names appearing on the slides may be trademarks of their respective owners. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle‘s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle. Markus Eisele, http://blog.eisele.net 7/7/2011 44