How To Use Selenium Successfully (Java Edition)
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This document provides a comprehensive guide on using Selenium for writing business-relevant, reusable, and maintainable tests across multiple browsers. It outlines a step-by-step approach, from defining a test strategy to building an automated feedback loop, covering topics such as selecting programming languages, utilizing locator strategies, writing effective tests, and ensuring cross-browser compatibility. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of test organization, reporting, and continuous integration to foster a resilient testing environment.
How To Use Selenium Successfully (Java Edition)
- 1. How To Use Selenium, Successfully by Dave Haeffner, @TourDeDave
- 4. Write business valuable tests that are reusable, maintainable and resilient across all relevant browsers. Then package and scale them for you & your team.
- 5. Selenium Overview • What it is — the Reader’s Digest version • What it is and is not good at • IDE vs. Local vs. Remote • Slow, brittle, and hard to maintain?
- 6. Step 1 Define a Test Strategy
- 7. Test Strategy 1. How does your business make money? 2. What features of your application are being used? 3. What browsers are your users using? 4. What things have broken in the app before? Outcome: What to test and which browsers to care about
- 8. Step 2 Pick a Programming Language
- 9. Programming Language • Same language as the app? • Who will own it? • Build a framework or use an existing one? • http://bit.ly/seleniumframeworks
- 11. Selenium Fundamentals • Mimics human action • Uses a few common actions • Works with “locators” Locators tell Selenium which HTML element to interact with
- 12. Common Actions • get(); • findElement(); • click(); //or submit(); • sendKeys(); • isDisplayed();
- 13. Locator Strategies • Class • CSS selectors • ID • Link Text • Partial Link Text • Tag Name • XPath Good locators are: • unique • descriptive • unlikely to change That rules a few of these out
- 14. Locator Strategies • Class • CSS selectors • ID • Link Text • Partial Link Text • Tag Name • XPath Good locators are: • unique • descriptive • unlikely to change That rules a few of these out
- 15. Locator Strategies • Class • CSS selectors • ID • Link Text • Partial Link Text • Tag Name • XPath Good locators are: • unique • descriptive • unlikely to change That rules a few of these out Start with IDs and Classes
- 16. Locator Strategies • Class • CSS selectors • ID • Link Text • Partial Link Text • Tag Name • XPath Good locators are: • unique • descriptive • unlikely to change That rules a few of these out Start with IDs and Classes Use CSS or XPath (with care)
- 17. Locator Strategies • Class • CSS selectors • ID • Link Text • Partial Link Text • Tag Name • XPath CSS vs XPath http://bit.ly/seleniumbenchmarks http://bit.ly/cssxpathexamples
- 18. Finding Quality Locators • Inspect the page • Verify your selection • e.g., FirePath or FireFinder • http://bit.ly/verifyinglocators • Learn through gaming • http://bit.ly/locatorgame • Conversation
- 20. Step 4 Write your first test
- 21. Good Test Anatomy • Write for BDD or xUnit test framework • Test one thing (atomic) • Each test can be run independently (autonomous) • Anyone can understand what it is doing • Group similar tests together
- 22. A Login Example 1. Visit the login form 2. Find the login form’s username field and input text 3. Find the login form’s password field and input text 4. Find the submit button and click it 1. or, find the form and submit it
- 26. Now to find an assertion 1. Login 2. Inspect the page 3. Find a locator 4. Verify it 5. Add it to the test
- 29. Exception Handling • org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: Unable to locate element: {"method":"css selector","selector":".flash.error"} • Most common ones you’ll run into: NoSuchElement and StaleElementReferenceError • A list of all WebDriver exceptions: http://bit.ly/java-exceptions
- 31. Step 5 Write reusable and maintainable test code
- 32. Page Objects
- 33. Application Under Test Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 Need to update EVERY test :-(
- 34. Page Object(s) Application Under Test Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 Need to update JUST the page object :-D
- 35. Let’s look at a page object for login
- 37. And here’s what the test looks like when using it
- 39. Base Page Object a.k.a. Selenium Wrapper Utility Class etc.
- 40. Selenium Commands Page Object 1 Page Object 2 Page Object 3 Page Object 4 Page Object 5
- 41. Base Page Object Page Object 1 Page Object 2 Page Object 3 Page Object 4 Page Object 5 Selenium Commands • Global reuse • More readable • Insulates you from Selenium API changes http://bit.ly/se-upgrade
- 42. Let’s take a look at a Base Page Object
- 44. And here it is implemented
- 46. How everything fits together Test TestTest Page Object Page Object Base Page Object Tests use page objects like building blocks Page objects inherit from the base page object The base page object wraps your Selenium commands
- 47. Step 6 Make your tests resilient
- 48. Waiting
- 52. Explicit Waits • Specify an amount of time, and an action • Selenium will try repeatedly until either: • The action is completed, or • The amount of time specified has been reached (and throw a timeout exception)
- 54. In the Base page object
- 55. In the DynamicLoading page object
- 57. Step 7 Prep for use
- 58. Test Harness • Simple organizational structure • Central setup and teardown • Configurable at run-time (with sensible defaults) • Reporting & Logging • Parallelization • Test Grouping
- 59. Folder structure
- 60. Central setup/teardown More on JUnit Rules: http://bit.ly/junit-rules
- 61. Simple config with defaults Import config where it’s needed (e.g., base test, etc.)
- 62. Reporting & Logging • Machine readable e.g., JUnit XML • Human readable e.g., screenshots, failure message, stack trace Fantastic Test Report Tool http://bit.ly/se-reporter (Allure Framework)
- 63. Parallelization • In code • Through your test runner • Through your Continuous Integration (CI) server #protip Enforce random order execution of tests http://bit.ly/junit-random Recommended approach: http://bit.ly/maven-surefire-parallel
- 64. Test Grouping • Metadata (a.k.a. Categories) • Enables “test packs” • Some category ideas • wip • shallow • deep • story number More info: bit.ly/junit-categories
- 65. Step 8 Add in cross-browser execution
- 67. Chrome
- 68. Grid Grid Hub Browser Tests All done with the Selenium Standalone Server Just requires additional runtime flags Grid Node Grid Node Grid Node Browser Browser
- 69. Grid Hub Node(s)
- 70. Grid More on Selenium Grid http://bit.ly/se-grid-wiki http://bit.ly/se-grid-post http://bit.ly/se-grid-extras http://bit.ly/se-grid-scaler
- 71. Sauce Labs Sauce Labs Browser Tests
- 72. Sauce Labs Additional Considerations - Test name - Pass/Fail status - Secure tunnel More on Sauce: http://bit.ly/saucelabs-platforms http://bit.ly/sauce-post http://bit.ly/sauce-java-docs
- 74. Step 9 Build an automated feedback loop
- 75. Feedback loops • The goal: Find failures early and often • Done with continuous integration and notifications • Notifications - remote: Email, chat, SMS - in-person: audio/visual indicators
- 76. Code Committed Unit/Integ. (pass?) Deploy to autom. test server (success?) Run automated tests (pass?) Deploy to next env. yes yes yes Notify team if no Code Promotion Bonus points: stop the line
- 77. Simple CI configuration 1. Create a Job 2. Pull In Your Test Code 3. Set up Build Triggers 4. Configure Build steps 5. Configure Test Reports 6. Set up Notifications 7. Run Tests & View The Results 8. High-five your neighbor
- 79. Step 10 Find information on your own http://bit.ly/se-info-slides http://bit.ly/se-info-video http://bit.ly/se-info-writeup
- 80. Steps to solve the puzzle 1. Define a Test Strategy 2. Pick a programming language 3. Use Selenium Fundamentals 4. Write Your First Test 5. Write re-usable and maintainable test code 6. Make your tests resilient 7. Package your tests into a framework 8. Add in cross-browser execution 9. Build an automated feedback loop 10. Find information on your own
- 81. Write business valuable tests that are reusable, maintainable and resilient across all relevant browsers. Then package them and scale them for you & your team.
- 82. –Dave Haeffner “You may think your puzzle is unique. But really, everyone is trying to solve the same puzzle. Yours is just configured differently — and it’s solvable”
- 83. https://seleniumguidebook.comhttp://elementalselenium.com http://elementalselenium.com/bootcamp https://seleniumguidebook.com/#sample Both available in Java and Ruby. Additional languages coming later this year! @TourDeDave [email protected] DaveHaeffner.com