![Seehausen Column proved of service in its neighborhood. Its wheel
ambulance stands always at the market place near the bridge, its
station being marked by a Red Cross flag. These facts are a new
proof of the value of these columns to any community and that they
can provide faithful and capable assistance in every kind of accident.
METHOD OF TRANSPORTING WOUNDED FROM THE BATTLEFIELD. (SANITARY
COLUMNS—KONIGSHUTTER.)
GREAT BRITAIN
[From Daily Mail (Great Britain), August 18, 1909.]
The Red Cross in Every Home.
We are enabled to give to-day full details of one of the most
remarkable developments of the voluntary principle in English life. It
is a scheme which makes a great and comprehensive effort to enlist
the patriotic services of all classes for a humane purpose—the succor](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/137270-241026164331-72a93b5c/85/Get-Master-Web-Design-with-HTML-CSS-JavaScript-and-jQuery-Create-Stunning-Interactive-Websites-Frahaan-Hussain-free-all-chapters-41-320.jpg)
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- 5. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction to Web Design Section 1.1: The Role of Web Design in Modern Business The Business Impact Web Design as a Competitive Advantage Evolving Trends Section 1.2: The Web Design Process Understanding the Web Design Process The Role of Collaboration Agile and Waterfall Approaches Tools for Web Design Section 1.3: Key Technologies: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and JQuery HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) JavaScript JQuery Section 1.4: Setting Up Your Web Development Environment Choosing a Text Editor or Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Installing Required Software Organizing Your Project Structure Setting Up a Code Editor Testing Your Environment Section 1.5: Web Design Trends and Inspirations Why Follow Web Design Trends?
- 6. Key Web Design Trends Finding Inspiration Chapter 2: HTML Fundamentals Section 2.1: Introduction to HTML Markup HTML Document Structure HTML Elements and Tags Adding Attributes Nesting Elements Section 2.2: Document Structure with HTML5 The Importance of Semantic Elements Header and Footer Navigation Main Content Section and Article Aside Figure and Figcaption Section 2.3: Working with Headings, Paragraphs, and Text Headings Paragraphs Text Formatting Section 2.4: Lists, Links, and Anchors Unordered Lists (<ul>) and List Items (<li>) Ordered Lists (<ol>) and List Items (<li>) Nested Lists Hyperlinks (<a>) Anchor Links
- 7. Linking to Email Addresses Linking to Files Opening Links in a New Tab Section 2.5: Semantic HTML Elements and Accessibility What Are Semantic HTML Elements? Benefits of Semantic HTML Common Semantic Elements Accessibility Considerations Chapter 3: CSS Styling Section 3.1: Understanding CSS and Stylesheets What is CSS? How CSS Works Including CSS in HTML Cascading and Specificity Inheritance CSS Comments Conclusion Section 3.2: Selectors and Style Rules CSS Selectors Style Rules Section 3.3: Formatting Text and Typography Font Properties Text Color and Background Text Decoration Letter Spacing and Word Spacing Text Shadows
- 8. Section 3.4: Managing Colors and Backgrounds Setting Text Color Background Colors Gradient Backgrounds Background Images CSS Gradients vs. Background Images Transparency and Opacity Background Size and Position Section 3.5: Layouts and Positioning with CSS CSS Display Property Box Model Positioning Flexbox Layout Grid Layout Responsive Design CSS Positioning and Layout Resources Chapter 4: Advanced CSS Techniques Section 4.1: CSS Box Model and Margins/Padding CSS Box Model Overview Box Sizing Margins and Padding Margin Collapsing Box Model Resources Section 4.2: Flexbox and Grid Layouts Flexbox Layout Grid Layout
- 9. Flexbox vs. Grid Layout Flexbox and Grid Layout Resources Section 4.3: Responsive Web Design with Media Queries What Are Media Queries? Anatomy of a Media Query Using Media Queries for Responsive Design Common Media Query Conditions Breakpoints and Mobile-First Design Testing and Debugging Media Query Resources Section 4.4: CSS Transitions and Animations CSS Transitions Transition Properties CSS Animations Animation Properties Choosing Between Transitions and Animations Animation Libraries Resources Section 4.5: CSS Preprocessors like SASS or LESS Why Use CSS Preprocessors? Getting Started with SASS Getting Started with LESS Integrating with Build Tools Preprocessor Resources Chapter 5: JavaScript Basics Section 5.1: Introduction to JavaScript
- 10. What Is JavaScript? JavaScript in Web Development How to Include JavaScript in HTML Basic JavaScript Syntax Variables and Data Types Operators and Expressions Control Structures Functions and Scope JavaScript Resources Section 5.2: Variables and Data Types in JavaScript Declaring Variables Data Types Type Coercion Variable Naming Rules Hoisting Conclusion Section 5.3: Operators and Expressions in JavaScript Arithmetic Operators Comparison Operators Logical Operators Conditional (Ternary) Operator Operator Precedence Conclusion Section 5.4: Control Structures in JavaScript Conditional Statements Loops
- 11. Switch Statement Control Statements Conclusion Section 5.5: Functions and Scope in JavaScript Function Declaration Function Expression Arrow Functions Function Scope Global Scope Function Parameters and Return Values Conclusion Chapter 6: Document Object Model (DOM) Section 6.1: Understanding the DOM Section 6.2: Accessing and Manipulating DOM Elements Accessing DOM Elements Manipulating DOM Elements Section 6.3: Event Handling and Event Listeners Understanding Events Event Listeners Event Object Removing Event Listeners Event Propagation Event Delegation Section 6.4: Modifying HTML and CSS with JavaScript Modifying HTML Content Modifying CSS Styles
- 12. Practical Examples Section 6.5: DOM Traversal and Manipulation Techniques Traversing the DOM Modifying the DOM Practical Use Cases Chapter 7: Interactive Web Pages with JavaScript Section 7.1: Creating Dynamic Content The Need for Dynamic Content JavaScript for Dynamic Content Building Dynamic Web Pages Section 7.2: Form Handling and Validation The Importance of Form Handling Accessing Form Elements Form Submission Form Validation Real-Time Validation Conclusion Section 7.3: Working with Cookies and Local Storage Cookies Local Storage Choosing Between Cookies and Local Storage Section 7.4: AJAX and Fetch API for Data Exchange AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) Fetch API Cross-Origin Requests Asynchronous Operations
- 13. Conclusion Section 7.5: Creating Interactive Web Forms Building a Web Form Form Validation Enhancing User Experience Server-Side Validation Handling Form Submissions Chapter 8: JQuery Framework Section 8.1: Introduction to JQuery Why Use jQuery? Getting Started with jQuery Conclusion Section 8.2: Selecting and Manipulating Elements with JQuery Selecting Elements Manipulating Elements Conclusion Section 8.3: Event Handling and Animation with JQuery Event Handling Animation and Effects Conclusion Section 8.4: AJAX and Data Retrieval with JQuery AJAX Basics Working with JSON Handling Errors Conclusion Section 8.5: Extending JQuery with Plugins
- 14. What Are jQuery Plugins? Using jQuery Plugins Popular jQuery Plugins Conclusion Chapter 9: Web Design Best Practices Section 9.1: User-Centered Design Principles Understanding User-Centered Design (UCD) User-Centered Design Process Usability Testing Conclusion Section 9.2: Accessibility and Inclusive Design The Importance of Accessibility Principles of Inclusive Design Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Practical Implementation Conclusion Section 9.3: Cross-Browser Compatibility Why Cross-Browser Compatibility Matters Strategies for Cross-Browser Compatibility Common Cross-Browser Issues Conclusion Section 9.4: Performance Optimization Techniques Why Performance Optimization Matters Performance Optimization Techniques Testing and Monitoring Conclusion
- 15. Section 9.5: Debugging and Testing Web Pages Debugging Techniques Testing Techniques Automated Testing User Testing Conclusion Chapter 10: Responsive Web Design Section 10.1: The Importance of Responsive Design The Multi-Device Challenge Key Concepts of Responsive Design Benefits of Responsive Design Section 10.2: Media Queries for Different Devices Basic Syntax of Media Queries Targeting Different Screen Widths Orientation-Based Media Queries High-Resolution Displays Testing Media Queries Section 10.3: Fluid Layouts and Flexible Images Designing Fluid Layouts Making Images Flexible Section 10.4: Mobile-First Design Approach Why Mobile-First? Key Mobile-First Principles Implementation Section 10.5: Testing and Debugging Responsive Sites Why Test and Debug Responsive Sites?
- 16. Testing Tools and Techniques Debugging Common Issues Version Control and Backups Chapter 11: CSS Frameworks and Libraries Section 11.1: Introduction to CSS Frameworks What Are CSS Frameworks? Advantages of Using CSS Frameworks Popular CSS Frameworks Getting Started with a CSS Framework Conclusion Section 11.2: Using Bootstrap for Responsive Design Getting Started with Bootstrap Grid System Responsive Navigation Bar CSS Classes and Components Customization Conclusion Section 11.3: CSS Grid Systems Understanding CSS Grid Defining Grid Rows and Columns Placing Grid Items Grid Item Auto Placement Responsive Grids Conclusion Section 11.4: Customizing Frameworks Why Customize a CSS Framework?
- 17. Steps to Customize a CSS Framework Customization Examples Conclusion Section 11.5: Integrating External Libraries Selecting the Right Library Adding External Libraries Common External Libraries Conclusion Chapter 12: Web Typography Section 12.1: Typography Fundamentals The Anatomy of Typography Font Categories Readability and Legibility Web Typography Tools Conclusion Section 12.2: Web Fonts and @font-face The Need for Web Fonts The @font-face Rule Web Font Services Font Loading Strategies Conclusion Section 12.3: Font Styling and Effects Font Styling Properties Text Shadows Letter Spacing and Line Height Custom Fonts with Font Icons
- 18. Conclusion Section 12.4: Pairing Fonts for Web Design Principles of Font Pairing Font Categories Font Pairing Techniques Practical Font Pairing Examples Section 12.5: Typography Tools and Resources Typography Tools Typography Resources Font Management Software Design Inspiration Chapter 13: Multimedia Integration Section 13.1: Working with Images and Graphics Section 13.2: Embedding Audio and Video Embedding Audio Embedding Video Responsive Multimedia Section 13.3: SVG Graphics for Scalability Advantages of SVG Graphics Creating SVG Graphics Inline vs. External SVG Styling SVG Animating SVG Optimizing SVG Section 13.4: Optimizing Multimedia for the Web Image Optimization
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- 20. Monday, September 20—Call on the Hon. John E. Reyburn, mayor of Philadelphia, at the City Hall (12 noon). Afternoon, visit places of interest, institutions, etc. Tuesday, September 21—Visit Philadelphia hospitals. Afternoon, visit places of interest, institutions, etc. Evening, Keith’s Theatre, as the guests of Mr. B. F. Keith, through the courtesy of Mr. H. T. Jordan. Wednesday, September 22—Visit Philadelphia County Prison, Tenth and Reed streets (morning), and Eastern Penitentiary (afternoon). Evening, reception given to the nurses by the “Colonial,” at Logan, Pa. Thursday, September 23—Trip on the river. Assemble at Race street wharf at 2 p. m. (A boat has been placed at our disposal through the courtesy of the Hon. Henry Clay, director of public safety of the city of Philadelphia.) Friday, September 24—Call on Mrs. John S. Muckle, wife of the President of the Pennsylvania Branch, at her summer home “Windrush,” in Germantown. Train leaves North Philadelphia Station 12.26 p. m. for Queen Lane Station. Saturday, September 25—“Atlantic City.” Train leaves Broad Street Station at 9.40 a. m.
- 21. FIRST AID DEPARTMENT CALIFORNIA The Red Cross and the Dragon. By William Lathrop McClure. Going to the smart new office building of the Canton Bank, passing shops filled with the weird and bizarre merchandise of the Orient, passing blouse-clad forms shuffling by on heelless boat- shaped sandals—truly, I think, this cannot be the old Chinese quarter of San Francisco. These are clean streets, these buildings are handsome, this public school is of concrete faced with bright blue tiles and filled with smiling little Chinese men and women. Sanitary? Yes, but still picturesque. Soon this ancient race will weave exotic mystery and charm about steel-girdered walls and balconies will bulge with great globular lanterns of oiled paper swinging in the wind. For some days to come Chinese ladies with “lily feet” will look down over their tulips upon the crowded street, and wish for the Good Lady Festival that they may wear their brocade and gold abroad, even as “other” women.
- 22. NEW CHINESE QUARTER. SAN FRANCISCO. But the old order changeth. New China does not brook the “cycle of Cathay.” And here, in the Canton Bank Building, under the wing of the American National Red Cross, has grown a flourishing offshoot of the Grand Legion of the Red Cross, of the California Branch, that has, in the vernacular of the street, “made good.” For a while—a short while—it was contented to be one detachment: then it became a twin; now its membership has reached about the hundredth mark, with supporting members. We watch this changeling with surprise. It needs no nursing.
- 23. THE CHINESE RELIEF COLUMN OF THE CALIFORNIA RED CROSS. Saturday evening, March 27, 1909, saw the hall of the Chinese Presbyterian Church so crowded that a burly policeman had the doubtful pleasure of turning away visitors of both races. Inside was filled with merchants and their families—the men on one side, the women and children on the other. The Consul, in a robe of biscuit brocade, followed by his suite, entered and aroused the interested glances of Caucasian and Oriental alike. Like flowers, bloomed from the dark blue background of the bloused and trousered women, a parterre of babies in cap and gown of purple, blue and rose. Tiny ques and tiny sandals, smiling faces, and not a whimper the long evening through. Under the guidance and by the gracious courtesy of Donaldine Cameron, a noble friend of Chinese womanhood, a choir of Chinese young ladies sang the “Battle Hymn of the Republic.” Later the audience rose to the “Star Spangled Banner,” most beautifully rendered by Miss Wong in a clear mezzo-soprano. The program— partly interpreted by Mr. Wong, partly in Chinese—closed in a glory of flashlight, the sudden burst raising pandemonium among the baby choir, who were “velly much ’flaid.” A small dog smuggled in under the blouse of Lee Ching, a real boy, supplied the necessary bass for the tiny Celestial singers.
- 24. Organized by Dr. G. H. Richardson and the writer, the welfare of this successful detachment has been splendidly nourished by Dr. Mark Neumann, the Medical Director. From occupying the “parlors” of the Chinese Native Sons of the Golden State, its members became ambitious to have quarters of their own. Dr. Neumann donated his waiting room. On one wall hangs the Dragon and the Stars and Stripes about a Red Cross on a field of white. On another the portrait of President Taft; on the third, beautifully written in Chinese characters, the By-laws of the Legion and the Proposed Women’s Auxiliary. Often a silk-trousered Chinese lady, with polished hair ornamented by fine workmanship of jade and gold, sits before these by-laws studying them seriously, beginning at the upper right hand corner and reading downward. THEATRE WHERE THE CHINESE HELD AN ENTERTAINMENT FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE RED CROSS. Most remarkable will be the evolution of a Women’s Auxiliary to the Red Cross Legion; most remarkable to those best acquainted with Chinese life and character. It is an emergence from sheltered living, a setting aside of a custom scarce permitting a Chinese young
- 25. lady to appear upon the street. One does not even talk to a Chinese gentleman about his household. But there is a precedent. Chinese ladies are going about the streets of the great ports of New China obeying the calls of humanity and the voice of recent ideals of social development and service. For China has a Red Cross. A Chinese merchant rarely calls upon a male physician for his family, but an up-to-date woman physician is welcome in the families of the educated. Favorable as is one’s impression of the prosperity, intelligence and generosity of our Chinese friends; the advantages of enlightened medical knowledge and sanitary science among them in San Francisco, not to mention the vast interior of the Chinese Empire itself, cannot be overestimated. It is one of the functions of the Red Cross to create and foster enduring friendship between nations. War is often the instrument of passion rather than equity. Whether war is eternal or not the function of the Red Cross is to be neutral and to heal. With acquaintance comes understanding. We have our superstitions regarding the Chinese; they have theirs regarding us. Beyond the Pacific the pulse of a mighty nation is quickening, and through the Golden Gate the young Chinese will soon be lured by opportunity to the Flowery Kingdom. Nor will they go as student, tourist or commercial man alone. Slow, indeed, will be the opening of the vast interior. The intelligently trained Mongolian is a great organizer and China’s metropolitan progress will be swift. Since the fire the evolution of the Chinese quarter has been marvelous. Some undesirable conditions still exist, but measuring by these only heightens the achievement of the progressive.
- 26. A YOUNG GIRL OF THE CHINESE QUARTER. Across the Western seas New China wakes from sleep, And hearts of exiled sons in filial answer leap; Her sons with quickened pulse of other lands, Shall hold the mother’s future in their hands. We may not flatter yet that we have done our part, We may not now forget the foes at China’s heart. She asks our friendship now, the same she had of old, That she may hold secure her crown of jade and gold. Our neighbor, separate only by the restless sea, Yet linked by ships, the birds of commerce, bold and free; Let us not fail the higher duty, man to man,
- 27. Which lights the world and thus reveals the master plan. Additional Notes. The practical value of First Aid instructions as instrumental in saving life was demonstrated by Lee Wong, a member of the Chinese Detachment, First Legion, State of California, who applied continuous pressure upon the artery of a man wounded by a knife until the arrival of a physician. Mr. Tinyut Lee, an active member of the Chinese Detachment, who made a remarkable record for the sale of Christmas and New Year stamps in the Chinese Colony, promised to excel that achievement by 800 per cent. As the colony has had no theatre since the fire rendered 23,000 Chinese homeless, this resourceful detachment hired the Oriental Theater, a clean moving-picture resort in the heart of the quarter, to swell its bank account. This benefit, with 5 cent tickets, netted $40. The Detachment has paid into the California Branch treasury $87. It is now contemplating a Red Cross Hospital, and plans are being prepared for a home nursing course for Chinese young women. Members of the Columbia Park Boys’ Club Detachment, who did not accompany that organization to Australia, were equipped with a first-aid outfit for their summer outing at Cloverdale. Dr. G. H. Richardson, Field Agent of the California State Branch, has completed his course of lectures to the Merchant Marine on First Aid. His important work has been highly appreciated and a movement to repeat them at many ports is advocated. This is pioneer work for the Red Cross among sailors and Dr. Richardson is to be congratulated on his faithful and disinterested service. The masters, mates and pilots of Lodge Harbor 15, before whom he has been lecturing, have placed upon record their appreciation of his efforts in their behalf. ILLINOIS
- 28. I have the honor to submit the following data about the organization and equipment of the Illinois First-Aid Corps of the Red Cross: The Illinois organization was officially born January 11, 1909—that is to say, less than five months ago. On that day the reporter was appointed Director-in-chief of the Illinois units to be organized. Within a few days after the Illinois Branch was handed about forty applications as a nucleus. These new members who joined the American National Red Cross, and at the same time the First Relief Column, were not gathered in a few days, but represented a loyal band of men and women who had joined in 1908 an independent, private first-aid corps under my command. All the officers were fully uniformed, practically in accordance with army regulations. The fact, however, that the Relief Column officers have no distinctly military rank and that the regulations in Major Lynch’s text-book would compel them to remove the coat-of-arms from the cap, the buttons, and the insignia of rank from the straps; possibly, also, to lay aside their sidearms (there being no mention of sidearms) produced such intense opposition that for a time I feared not a single one with whom I had been associated in our attempt to raise a first-aid brigade would remain with me. And for one man to do all the work and to look for congenial co-workers all over again appeared a Herculean task. It was then that I submitted in writing certain propositions to Mr. Ravell, Secretary of the Illinois Branch, who agreed to place them before the Central Committee at Washington. On his return from Washington last December I was advised that we could retain the caps and adopt more suitable collar insignia, so that there remained but one objection, viz, lack of military rank for the officers.
- 29. OFFICERS OF THE FIRST ILLINOIS LEGION. However, with the objected-to features of the uniform overcome, I assured the officers that if they would go to work and aid me in the organization so that we could show the American people that we have the personnel, if not the material equipment, I would do all in my power to induce the authorities to grant us a certain status, which, though not equivalent to that enjoyed by the National Guard, would still mean more than empty titles beautifully engrossed in “commissions” signed by a few private citizens. This had the desired effect. Immediately after my appointment I called them together and delivered an impassioned address. I pointed out to them the seriousness of the step, the great responsibility it involves, the sacredness of the work to be done and the honor and prestige that is to be ours if we succeed. I made them pledge to observe the strictest possible discipline, to obey implicitly, and to respond to any call issued by the proper authorities.
- 30. A week later all our former members, new friends, patients of mine—in short, any one who could be reached—were called to attend a meeting in the parlor of a large hostelry, and the work of organization was begun in earnest. For about two months bi-weekly lectures were delivered at hotel parlors. An independent detachment which had been associated with a fraternal organization was induced to join our column as a body. We agreed to accept them without the Legion dues by merely paying for membership in the Red Cross. The evening that body of young men in uniform entered the lecture hall in military order new life was infused, especially among the male members. I was repeatedly besieged by them with the request to supply them with uniforms and to take them to some place where they could learn how to march, carry litters, transport patients, etc. I promised them all these things for the near future. As I am myself living in moderate circumstances, and as our Legion dues of $1 per annum (we had to make the dues low to enable the poorest working man and working woman to join) were not sufficient to pay for the most urgent needs, I presented myself to our Chairman of the Executive Committee, Dr. L. L. McArthur, and laid the matter before him. He finally consented to our appealing to certain private citizens when I was supported in my contentions by the Secretary and by Colonel Gordon C. Strong, I. N. G., a member of the Executive Committee, and a gentleman, by the way, to whom we are indebted for many services rendered the organization and your reporter. At a meeting of the Executive Committee Mr. J. Spoor, president of the Union Stock Yards, promised to fully equip a detachment of 22 men recruited in the yards. He not only paid for 22 uniforms, but equipped that detachment with hospital pouches, canteens, litters, and a national flag.
- 31. FIRST COLUMN FIRST ILLINOIS LEGION READY FOR INSPECTION BY REVIEWING OFFICER. Four detachments were completed by this time. The day a fifth one was completed I recommended to the committee that the entire command be officially declared as the “First Illinois Legion,” for there were then already indications that detachments would soon be organized in other cities in Illinois, and, in fact, detachments will be completed in the near future in Springfield, Joliet and Decatur, all depending on the writer’s ability to go to these towns and perfect the details. Our aim is not only to raise the full quota for this Legion, but to have in Chicago two legions and a third one distributed through the State. At about the same time Colonel Strong induced Captain Maurice Woolman, commanding Battery B, Illinois National Guard, to let us have his armory at the cost of expense ($15 monthly). We occupy that armory every Thursday evening. Captain Woolman was so pleased with our men, who began drilling in civilian suits, that he consented to act as military instructor to the First Legion, and since has attended every drill and instructed the officers in infantry tactics. But the most important thing had yet to be done. We had to secure uniforms to enable the men to participate in the Memorial
- 32. Day parade. I interviewed the Hon. Lambert Tree, and that gentleman subscribed $100. I also sent a dozen letters to prominent citizens, who, I knew, were familiar with the aims of the Red Cross. Only one so far responded with $10. But that was a beginning, and Dr. McArthur, after learning of my efforts to raise enough to uniform the men made us all happy by calling me into his office and telling me to have all the men uniformed, that he would guarantee the bill, though I must raise the money within 90 days. The firm honored Dr. McArthur’s guarantee, and when his action was announced to the assembled detachments all military discipline was thrown to the winds and our boys yelled themselves hoarse. The uniforms are good regulation khaki. We have now a total of 121 service uniforms for enlisted men and non-commissioned officers. Each uniform consists of: Campaign hat with maroon cord, blouse with the letters “Ill.” and a large Red Cross button on the collar, one pair of trousers, one regulation belt, one pair leggings. Each man has a pair of tan shoes (private property). One detachment has pouches and canteens. Each detachment has a guidon (five in all). We have at our disposal 19 regulation army litters. Several of them are private property, but available. The writer is chief surgeon to the Abraham Lincoln Hospital, with a capacity of 32 beds and a complete operating room outfit, laboratory, etc. This hospital is at the disposal of the Executive Committee without any expense for board, nursing or service. The total strength of our personnel is as follows: Director-in-Chief, commanding all Illinois “Relief Columns” 1 Surgeons, attached as his staff, available as instructors or in a professional capacity (ranking as assistant directors) 6 Director-in-Chief, First Illinois Legion 1 Staff Assistant Directors, corresponding to adjutant and quartermaster, respectively 2 Detachment Commanders 5 Doubtful and unassigned or suspended 2
- 33. Total officers 17 Five detachments of non-commissioned officers and privates (each 21) 105 Color bearers 4 Bugle and drum corps 16 Nurse corps (ladies) 21 Non-active, or not yet assigned, pending completion of 6th and 7th detachments 58 Total strength 221 This report is not satisfactory to us from a numerical standpoint because we have paid no attention to recruiting owing to the proximity of Memorial Day, having strained every nerve to drill the men so as to make a creditable showing. Work Done.—Lectures delivered (bi-weekly) during January, February and March. Drills (weekly) during April and May. Sunday, May 23, the entire command assembled at the armory at 10 a. m. and accompanied Battery B to divine service. They marched in orderly fashion and were very dignified. At 1.30 p. m. the command met a second time at Rose Hill Cemetery and assisted in the ceremonies. Conduct and appearance elicited hearty approval from G. A. R. speakers.
- 34. DRUM AND BUGLE CORPS, FIRST ILLINOIS LEGION, A. N. R. C. Decoration Day Parade.—The writer was marshal of the 5th Division. None but Red Cross officers were selected for the staff. They were all in dress uniforms, sidearms, and were decently mounted. The Red Cross detachments marched in the center of the division with their bugle and drum corps, colors flying. Several detachments carried litters. I noted that the people greeted the command with hearty applause. General Grant and Governor Deneen, who reviewed the parade, seemed interested. No less an officer than Colonel Van Hoff, Chief Medical Officer, Department of the Lakes, who witnessed the procession, admitted that we made a fine showing. I have been assured by many military men that our men marched as well as any seasoned troops. We certainly have succeeded in raising a feeling of pride in the breasts of our men for their organization. But we have only begun. We must now proceed to increase our organization all over the State. The writer will be compelled to visit
- 35. cities, deliver addresses and “incite” the organizers to activity. Our medical officers will be compelled to attend courses in military hygiene and surgery, which I will deliver from August 15 to September 30. Lectures and drills will go on. In July the command will be taken out on a three-day “hike.” The money for this will be raised by a concert and ball. This “hike” will enable us to teach our officers the rudiments of military map-making and map-reading (topography). But all these efforts fall into insignificance compared with the task before me of raising funds to pay off the debt guaranteed by Dr. McArthur and to equip the new members, several hundred of whom are expected to join within a few weeks. We need more litters, pouches, dressings, tents, bedding, transport wagons, ambulances, wheeled litters, all of which are requisites for an emergency. I am aware that in times of disaster the State will aid us with its equipment of tents, kitchens, etc., yet I feel that we must have at our disposal a field hospital—at least 100 stretchers, folding cots, bedding, blankets, surgical appliances, kitchen (field), a transportable x-ray machine, etc. I also realize that there must be a system at the very beginning, and within a few days books will be prepared in which all information about the personnel will be recorded for reference in an emergency. Something like that has been done already, but I intend to learn who can be depended upon to respond to a call—their ’phones, business, social status, and the like. I am disheartened when I look at the figures tabulated in England, Germany, Japan and Australia, with their thousands of men and women, and millions in property. I am anxious to do my share, but I feel confident that success would come surer and faster if the following suggestions were carried out: 1. Reorganization of the First-Aid Department with national and State chiefs. 2. Proper descriptive nomenclature for the entire corps, State Divisions and units.
- 36. 3. A definite military status for officers and men. Even such terms as “detachment commander,” “column commander,” etc., would be better than “assistant director,” “director,” etc. 4. Aid in material by the government. 5. Preparation of “rules and regulations” on a similar plan to that used in the army, to insure uniformity and discipline. 6. Uniform stationery, blanks, enlistment pledges, vouchers and similar equipment to be issued from the main headquarters. 7. Assignment of medical officers of the army to diverse States as instructors and teachers. 8. The Red Cross to participate in army maneuvers. I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, GUSTAVUS M. BLECH. Editor’s Note.—The second part of the entertainment given for the benefit of the First Illinois Legion of the Red Cross was devoted to an interesting exhibition of its training and drills. Litter Drill—Detachment B, H. H. Wood commanding. First Aid to Injured—Detachment D, Harry L. Coon commanding. Exhibition Drill—Detachment C, John A. Stedge commanding. NEW YORK Red Cross and Y. M. C. A. Co-operation. Important announcement of first aid till the doctor comes for camp, summer school, home, shop. The American National Red Cross and the International Committee of Young Men’s Christian Associations will grant joint certificates in first aid to the injured, signed by President William H. Taft and a representative of the
- 37. International Committee, to men and boys completing the requirements. What to do for broken limbs, hemorrhage, poisoning, sunstroke, lockjaw, cramps, drowning, scalds, burns, cuts, bruises, etc. Examination (August 25). Part practice, part written. Cost, 25 cents each person. For any Association boy or man. A short course—10 lessons. Teacher—a doctor or physical director. In camp, at home, anywhere. Any text book. Certificate granted to those with passing grade of 75 per cent. or above in examination. No extra charge. For further particulars, see or write Secretary, Young Men’s Christian Association, or Educational Department, International Committee, 124 East Twenty-eighth street, New York. First Aid Certificate. This certifies that __________ has satisfactorily completed the elementary course of study and passed the examination in first aid to the injured at the Young Men’s Christian Association, __________. For the American Red Cross: WM. H. TAFT, President. For the International Committee, Educational Department: FREDERIC B. PRATT, Chairman. PENNSYLVANIA August 18, 1909. Hon. William H. Taft, President Red Cross Society, War Department, Washington, D. C.
- 38. My Honored Sir: On the 17th of July, while traveling on the Canadian Pacific Railway, near Fields, B. C., I met with a distressing accident by having two of my fingers almost mashed off by being pinched by the car door. We had no doctor on the train at that time, but fortunately a Red Cross man from Philadelphia, Mr Joseph A. Steinmetz, was on the train. He came quickly to my relief, bound up my fingers as best he could, and was the embodiment of kindness and sympathy itself. I appreciate his services very much and desire to become a life member of a society that is doing so much everywhere to relieve suffering. I therefore enclose you my check for $25.00, and, if agreeable to your society, would thank you to send me a life membership certificate. With deep appreciation of the service of your secretary from Pennsylvania, I am, very sincerely yours, E. S. HACKNEY. Mr. Hackney also sent a contribution to the Pennsylvania Red Cross. GERMANY
- 39. IMPROVISED AMBULANCE—OFFENBACH SYSTEM. LEADERS AND DOCTORS’ MEETING AT MAYENCE. METHOD OF TRANSPORTATION TO SHIPS. (SANITARY COLUMNS—HOCHHEIM).
- 40. During 1908 the members of the German Red Cross Relief Columns gave assistance in 8,268 cases of accidents, 4,643 of which occurred in factories, showing the value of first aid instruction among men employed in manufactories. IMPROVISED BICYCLE AMBULANCE. COLLIE DOG TRAINED TO SEARCH FOR WOUNDED. (SANITARY COLUMNS—BROSKAW.) Das Rothe Kreuz, the official organ of the German Red Cross, gives interesting accounts of the great assistance rendered by the Relief Columns of Nuremberg in the earlier part of the year and also of that given by the Relief Columns of Osterburg and Seehausen after floods in their respective neighborhoods in November, 1908, and February, 1909. The Osterburg Column had already proved its usefulness after a railroad accident in 1903. Since then it had established an alarm system and by means of this it was quickly called into active service. Provided with boats placed at its disposition for this work, its members rescued many, and to others, who were cut off from the outside world by the flood, carried food and other supplies until the waters subsided. In some cases persons who were ill were carried in wheel ambulances on the boats and then transferred to the hospital at Osterburg. In February the
- 41. Seehausen Column proved of service in its neighborhood. Its wheel ambulance stands always at the market place near the bridge, its station being marked by a Red Cross flag. These facts are a new proof of the value of these columns to any community and that they can provide faithful and capable assistance in every kind of accident. METHOD OF TRANSPORTING WOUNDED FROM THE BATTLEFIELD. (SANITARY COLUMNS—KONIGSHUTTER.) GREAT BRITAIN [From Daily Mail (Great Britain), August 18, 1909.] The Red Cross in Every Home. We are enabled to give to-day full details of one of the most remarkable developments of the voluntary principle in English life. It is a scheme which makes a great and comprehensive effort to enlist the patriotic services of all classes for a humane purpose—the succor
- 42. of the sick and wounded in war. Further, the scheme will associate with the Territorial Force thousands, including women, who can not themselves serve in our army for home defense. The War Office, the County Association, and the British Red Cross Society are all engaged in the appeals which will be put forward from to-day to members for the general purpose of urging them to join the new Red Cross detachments which are to train for the assistance of the Territorial Army Medical Corps in war. No one need be left out. In the detachments may be included peers, peeresses, landowners, ladies of the manor, squires, squires’ wives, local doctors, trained nurses, chemists, chemists’ assistants, carpenters, women cooks, joiners, smiths, drivers, mechanics, grocers, and butchers. Many other occupations could be named whose everyday knowledge would be of special utility in war. All will be welcomed in the new “organization of voluntary aid in England and Wales,” the proposals for which were yesterday submitted to the County Associations and the Branches of the British Red Cross Society. Famous Surgeons Aid. Its details were the work of Sir Alfred Keogh, Inspector-General of the Army Medical Service at the War Office, backed by the enthusiastic assistance of Sir Frederick Treves, the famous surgeon, whose experiences in South Africa have given him an unequalled expert knowledge, and Sir Richard Temple. Already there exists an organization which would come into active operation the moment war is declared, and which provides for the manning of general hospitals throughout the kingdom. To these, scattered all over the country, in Cambridge, Brighton, London, Manchester, Leeds, Liverpool, Glasgow, Edinburgh, and elsewhere, are attached all the best medical men in Great Britain. There are, to name only a few, Sir Watson Cheyne, Sir T. Barlow, Sir T. C. Allbut, Sir T. Oliver, Dr. Norman Moore, Dr. Gibson (Edinburgh),
- 43. and Sir Hector Cameron (Glasgow). The names of these voluntary officers of the force, colonels, majors, and captains, who only assume their rank in war time, fill twenty-four columns of this month’s Army List. To them would fall the task of succoring the sick and wounded who were brought to them from the field hospital and the ambulances. Unlike France and Germany, we have no line of communication by which the victims of war can be passed from the fighting line to safety in the hospital far in the rear. The Red Cross Society and the English people are now asked to meet the want. The scheme is so to train the inhabitants of our towns and villages that they can render first aid after a battle, convey the wounded to the nearest hospital, and forward them on through a chain of similar units from rest house to rest house till the base hospital is reached. Sir Alfred Keogh has so planned his proposals that no one in future will be able to say that he or she can not assist in the duties of the Territorial Force. He takes the village as a unit. In each he places a Red Cross detachment, in which both men and women may share. The commandant may be some one of leading in the place, and the women’s portion of the detachment will have a lady superintendent, a position which, it is hoped, some one of note will always be ready to fill. Details of the Scheme. Every voluntary aid detachment will be so arranged as to admit of dividing into two complete half detachments, thus: Men—Commandant, medical officer, quartermaster, pharmacist, assistant pharmacist, under officer and 12 men; assistant commandant, medical officer, quartermaster, pharmacist, assistant pharmacist, under officer and 12 men. Women—Commandant (medical officer), quartermaster, lady superintendent, ten women (including one trained nurse); assistant
- 44. commandant (medical officer), assistant quartermaster, lady superintendent, ten women (including one trained nurse). Under the commandant will be two sections, each commanded by an officer, who ought to be the village doctor. Their under officers will again be the chemist and his assistants. The men of the sections will be made up of tradesmen and workmen. Each will have an assigned duty. The carpenter and the smith would train to convert the church and the school into a hospital, make ready carriages and carts to convey wounded and sick, and fit up railway wagons, coal trucks, and the like for a similar use. Others would prepare in peace time, so that when mobilized they could go to a house here or a house there, obtain beds promised beforehand, and fit them up in the temporary hospital, procure tables for operations, lay in the necessary food and fuel. Under the lady superintendent is to be the trained nurse, and her associates are to include those who have volunteered as cooks, and others who will look after the cleanliness of the hospital, wash clothing, and do all those thousand and one tasks which make for the comfort and the restoration to health of ailing men. In the larger towns and cities there may be dozens of these splendid organizations for making less terrible the dreadful results of war. The Red Cross detachments have no place in our regular service. Because our forces serve over seas the War Office itself provides the necessary chain of hospitals and communications for bringing the wounded to the base. But the Territorial Forces are created only for service at home, and the hope is that those who can not for any reason join its ranks may at least render valuable assistance as members of their local Red Cross detachment. The Central Council of the Red Cross Society will superintend the scheme, and the local Branches in the counties will cooperate with the various Territorial Associations in carrying out arrangements. The main object will be the base hospital, which is even now part of the Territorial Force organization. Beyond that, however, it is hoped that the Red Cross organizations and the general public may provide a
- 45. convalescent hospital, where the men wasted by war may recruit before, if necessary, returning to the fighting line. In time of war the organization would be: Fighting line, Territorial Army Medical Service, field ambulances, clearing hospitals, voluntary aid detachment, rest stations, ambulance trains, general hospital, convalescent depot, and homes.
- 46. NOTES CALIFORNIA. PALMA COGLIANDRO (4 YEARS OF AGE), AN ORPHAN, BROUGHT FROM MESSINA AND DELIVERED TO HER UNCLE IN SAN FRANCISCO BY THE AMERICAN RED CROSS. Mr. Steinmetz, Secretary of the Pennsylvania Branch, who has lately been in California, writes: “It was my desire to study carefully
- 47. the design of the wood houses issued to the refugees. Mr. Dohman very kindly put me in the hands of Mr. McLaren, Superintendent of the Golden Gate Park, and I went with him in his automobile, accompanied by one of the active workers of their Organized Charities, and visited a great many of the little houses. These wooden houses have been carried away to different permanent sites, where they now form the permanent homes of their owners. As a rule they have been somewhat rebuilt, have been raised off of the ground, front porches and rear kitchens added, and they have been shingled and painted and set in the midst of gardens of blooming plants and shrubs, forming beautiful little suburban homes in which anyone would be content and happy. The woodwork, as far as I observed, was in a good state of preservation. There does not seem to be any rotting of the sills, the roofs seemed taut and, altogether, the wisdom of issuing these houses has more than been proved, showing that really your Central Committee builded better than it knew.” Palma Cogliandro, the little girl who was brought from Italy by the Red Cross, and who, during an attack of measles, was most kindly cared for by officers of the Massachusetts Red Cross, has safely reached her destination and is with her uncle in California. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. The District of Columbia Branch of the National Red Cross Society has finished equipping its relief station in the old Pierce mill, Rock Creek Park, and in the future all accidents occurring in the park will be given emergency treatment at this station. A complete outfit of first aid to the injured has been installed. No regular attendant will be stationed at the building, but the equipment will be available to all who may need it at any time, day or night. The keys to the room in which the outfit is located, and which will be used as an accident ward until the arrival of one of the city ambulances, have been placed under the glass at the side of the
- 48. door of the mill. Telephone connection with the city hospital has been made. INDIANA. A request was received at Red Cross headquarters from the Railroad Commission of the State of Indiana for some ten thousand of the Red Cross railroad posters, of which some sixty thousand have been distributed. The Commission was informed that the railroads had already asked and received thousands of these posters. The following reply to this communication was later received from the Commission, which also issued a special circular to all the railroads in the State urging them to apply for these posters: Dear Sir: Your favor of June 7th was received and carefully noted. I agree with you that your system of distribution of the Red Cross warning posters is adequate, and you will allow me to say that it is my opinion that they are doing a great deal of good. Our Commission has been so impressed with the value of these posters that we desire to go further than you have done in their distribution, if it can be satisfactorily arranged. We wish to post them in the schoolhouses of this State. We think that children ought to be instructed, especially those who, in the country, ride over unprotected highway grade crossings, as to how serious is the danger that they constantly incur. There are 11,000 unprotected highway grade crossings of the railroads in this State. A great many people, and very often children, are killed by the trains on these crossings. We think that the attractiveness of your poster, its large letters and its colors would strike the attention of the children in the public schools.
- 49. If you can arrange in some way to supply this Commission with the quantity mentioned in my letter of the 7th, I believe the result would be satisfactory to your Association. Yours, very truly, W. J. WOOD, Chairman. The posters were sent as requested. MASSACHUSETTS. The Secretary of the Massachusetts Branch writes National Headquarters as follows: “Mr. Richard M. Saltonstall, a lawyer and member of the Massachusetts Branch, has been successful in stopping the use of the Red Cross as an advertisement on several occasions, notably in connection with the offices of quack doctors.” MINNESOTA. St. James, Minn., May 31, 1909. Mr. Ernest P. Bicknell, Of the American National Red Cross, Washington, D. C. Sir: I got your address from clipping herewith from our Minneapolis Journal. I write for a copy of the last report of your organization. I am, so far as I know, the sole survivor of the original “Auxiliary Relief Corps” of the U. S. Sanitary Commission, a corps organized by the commission in the winter of 1863-64, and taking the field with Grant’s movement on Lee, May, 1864, its first entry into the personal relief work.