Dev ops interview questions & answers

DevOps Interview Questions & Answers

The DevOps is the combination of two words - DEV + Ops Dev refers to the
Development and Ops refers to Operations.
It is a culture to promote the development and operation process collectively.
Q : What is DevOps?
Answer : DevOps is a combination of two words, one is software Development, and
second is Operations.
It’s allows a single team to handle the entire application lifecycle, from development
to testing, deployment, and operations.
DevOps helps you to reduce the disconnection between software developers, quality
assurance (QA) engineers, and system administrators.

1. DevOps promotes the collaboration between Development and Operations teams to
deploy code to production faster in an automated & repeatable way.
2. It increase the speed of deliver applications and services. It also allows to compete
strongly in the market and serve their customers better.
3. You can say - It is the sequence of development and operations with good
collaboration and communication.
4. For organizations. DevOps is one of the most valuable business disciplines. Speed of
the application delivery and Quality have improved to a great extent with the help of
DevOps.
5. DevOps is nothing, but It is a methodology of making "Developers" and "Operations"
folks work together. DevOps completely focus on rapid IT service delivery through the
adoption of the agile practice in the context of a system-oriented approach as well as
represents a change in the IT culture.

Q: Why DevOps is used?
Answer:
1. The development and operation team works in a full isolated way.
2. After completing the Design-Build, Testing and Deployment are done respectively.
3. the team members spend a lot of time on designing, testing, and deploying instead of
building the project without the use of DevOps.
4. Manual code deployment can lead to human errors in production..
5. Due to the different timelines of the coding and operations teams, they could not
established harmony with each other, It’s major problem of further delays.

Q: Why is DevOps used?
Answer: DevOps allows Agile Development Teams to implement Continuous Integration
and Continuous Delivery. It helps to launch the products faster into the market.
Important reasons are:
1. Predictability: DevOps significantly reduces the failure rate of new releases.
2. Reproducibility: These keep all versions so that older versions can be restored at any
time.
3. Maintainability: Simple recovery process in case a new release crashes or an existing
system becomes disabled.
4. Time to market: DevOps reduces the time to market up to 0.5 out of 1 through
streamlined software delivery.
5. Greater Quality: This helps in providing better quality of application development to
the DevOps team due to the infrastructure issues involved.

6. Reduced Risk: DevOps incorporates security aspects in the software delivery lifecycle.
It helps in reduction of defects across the lifecycle.
7. Resiliency: The Operational state of the software system is more stable, secure, and
changes are auditable.
8. Cost Efficiency: DevOps offers cost efficiency in the software development process
which is always an aspiration of IT companies' management.
9. Breaks larger code base into small pieces: DevOps is based on the agile programming
method. Therefore, it allows breaking larger code bases into smaller and manageable
chunks.

Q: When should be adopt DevOps?
Answer: DevOps is used for large distributed applications such as applications hosted on a
cloud platform or E-Commerce sites.
Q: When should not to be adopt DevOps?
Answer: It should not to be used in a critical application like bank, defense and other
sensitive data sites. Such applications need strict access controls on the production
environment, a detailed change management policy, access control policy to the data
centers.
Q: What makes DevOps different from other software development practices?
Answer: DevOps is a bridges that reduce the gap between development and operations,
creating significant efficiencies across the development and deployment of the software.
DevOps includes a strong emphasis on automation, helping to reduce the overall number
of errors.

Q: Describe DevOps History?
Answer:
 Belgian consultant and Patrick Debois founded the first conference, named
was DevOpsdays, It held in Ghent Belgium in 2009.
 Alanna Brown launched the state of DevOps report and conceived at Puppet in 2012,
 Nicole Forsgren, Jez Humble, Gene Kim, and others was published the annual State of
DevOps in 2014, . They found DevOps adoption was accelerating in 2014 also.
 Nicole Forsgren, Gene Kim, and Jez Humble founded DORA (DevOps Research and
Assignment) in 2015.
 Nicole Forsgren, Gene Kim, and Jez Humble published "Accelerate: Building and
Scaling High Performing Technology Organizations “DevOpsdays” in 2017.

Q: DevOps Architecture Features?
Answer: key features of DevOps architecture are:
Configuration
Management
Collaboration
Automation
DevOps
Architecture
Features
Integration
1. Automation: Automation can reduce time consumption, especially during the testing
and deployment phase. The productivity increases, and releases are made quicker by
automation. This will lead in catching bugs quickly so that it can be fixed easily. For
contiguous delivery, each code is defined through automated tests, cloud-based
services, and builds. This promotes production using automated deploys.

2. Collaboration: The Development and Operations team collaborates as a DevOps
team, which improves the cultural model as the teams become more productive with
their productivity, which strengthens accountability and ownership. The teams share
their responsibilities and work closely in sync, which in turn makes the deployment to
production faster.
3. Integration: Applications need to be integrated with other components in the
environment. The integration phase is where the existing code is combined with new
functionality and then tested. Continuous integration and testing enable continuous
development. The frequency in the releases and micro-services leads to significant
operational challenges. To overcome such problems, continuous integration and
delivery are implemented to deliver in a quicker, safer, and reliable manner.
4. Configuration management: It ensures the application to interact with only those
resources that are concerned with the environment in which it runs. The
configuration files are not created where the external configuration to the application
is separated from the source code. The configuration file can be written during
deployment, or they can be loaded at the run time, depending on the environment in
which it is running.

Q: DevOps Advantages?
Answer: Advantages -
1. DevOps is an best approach for quick development and deployment of applications.
2. It responds faster to the market changes to improve business growth.
3. DevOps escalate business profit by decreasing software delivery time and
transportation costs.
4. DevOps clears the descriptive process, which gives clarity on product development
and delivery.
5. It improves customer experience and satisfaction.
6. DevOps simplifies collaboration and places all tools in the cloud for customers to
access.
7. DevOps means collective responsibility, which leads to better team engagement and
productivity.

Q: Explain Disadvantage of DevOps?
Answer: Disadvantages -
1. DevOps professional or expert's developers are less available.
2. Developing with DevOps is very expensive.
3. Adopting new DevOps technology into the industries is hard to manage in short time.
4. Lack of DevOps knowledge can be a problem in the continuous integration of
automation projects.

Q: Describe DevOps Life Cycle?
Answer:

DevOps is deep integration between development and operations.
Without knowing DevOps lifecycle, It is not possible to Understand the DevOps Concepts.
1. Development: In this DevOps stage, the development of software takes place
constantly. In this phase, the entire development process is separated into small
development cycles. This benefits DevOps team to speed up software development
and delivery process.
2. Integration: In this stage, new functionality is integrated with the prevailing code, and
testing takes place. Continuous development is only possible due to continuous
integration and testing.
3. Testing: QA team use tools like Selenium to identify and fix bugs in the new piece of
code.
4. Feedback: Feedback is a peculiar phase where these improvements are
analyzed. Developers gauges the outcome of these modifications on the final product.
Most importantly, customers who tested these applications can share their
experiences in this phase

5. Deployment: In this phase, the deployment process takes place continuously. It is
performed in such a manner that any changes made any time in the code, should not
affect the functioning of high traffic website.
6. Monitoring: In this phase, operation team will take care of the inappropriate system
behavior or bugs which are found in production.
7. Operations: The last phase of the DevOps lifecycle is the shortest phase and the least
complicated one. The purpose of operation is to automate the process of releasing
the application and the subsequent updates.

Q: DevOps Architecture?
Answer: Architecture of DevOps –
Development and Operations both play essential roles in order to deliver applications.
The deployment comprises analyzing the requirements, designing, developing,
and testing of the software components or frameworks.
The operation consists of the administrative processes, services, and support for the
software.

When both the operations and development are combined with collaborating, then
DevOps architecture is the solution to fix the gap operations and development terms,
Therefore, delivery can be faster.
DevOps architecture is used for application hosted on the cloud platform and distributed
applications.
Agile Development is used in the DevOps architecture so that integration and delivery can
be fast.
When the development and operations team works separately from each other, then it is
time consuming to design, test and deploy.
If the terms is not in sync with each other, then it may cause a delay in delivery. So
DevOps enables the team to change their shortcoming and increase productivity.

1. Build: Without DevOps, the cost of the consumption of the resources was evaluated
based on the pre-defined individual usage with fixed hardware allocation. And with
DevOps, the usage of cloud, sharing of resources comes into the picture, and the build
is dependent upon the user's need, which is a mechanism to control the usage of
resources or capacity.

2. Code: Good practices such as Git enables the code to be used, which ensures writing
the code for business, helps to track changes, getting notified about the reason
behind the difference in the actual and the expected output and if necessary
reverting to the original code developed. The code can be appropriately arranged
in files, folders, etc. And they can be reused.
3. Test: The application will be ready for production after testing. In case of manual
testing, it consumes more time in testing and moving the code to the output. The
testing can be automated, which take the less time for testing, so that the time to
deploy the code to production can be reduced as automating the running of the
scripts will remove many manual steps.
4. Plan: DevOps is used Agile methodology to plan the development, with the
operations and development team in sync, it helps in organizing the work to plan
accordingly to increase productivity.

5. Monitor: Monitoring is used to identify any risk of failure and Also it helps in
accurately tracking the system so that the health of the application can be checked.
The monitoring becomes more comfortable with services where the log data may get
monitored through many third party tools such as Splunk.
6. Deploy: Most systems can support the scheduler for automated deployment. A cloud
management platform enables users to capture accurate insights and view the
optimization scenario, analytics on trends by the deployment of dashboards.
7. Operate: DevOps changes the way the traditional approach of developing and testing
separately. The teams operate in a collaborative way where both the teams
participate actively throughout the service lifecycle. The operation team interacts
with developers and they come up with a monitoring plan which serves the IT and
business requirements.
8. Release: Deployment to an environment can be completed by automation. But when
the deployment is made to the production environment, it is done by manual
triggering. Many processes involved in release management are commonly used to do
the deployment in the production environment manually to lessen the impact on the
customer.
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Dev ops interview questions & answers

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