![EXAMPLE
The following program is a simple example which demonstrates the arithmetic
operators. Copy and paste the following Java program in Test.java file, and compile
and run this program −
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
int c = 25;
int d = 25;
System.out.println("a + b = " + (a + b) );
System.out.println("a - b = " + (a - b) );
System.out.println("a * b = " + (a * b) );
System.out.println("b / a = " + (b / a) );
System.out.println("b % a = " + (b % a) );
System.out.println("c % a = " + (c % a) );
System.out.println("a++ = " + (a++) );
System.out.println("b-- = " + (a--) );
// Check the difference in d++ and ++d
System.out.println("d++ = " + (d++) );
System.out.println("++d = " + (++d) );
}
}
OUTPUT:
a + b = 30
a - b = -10
a * b = 200
b / a = 2
b % a = 0
c % a = 5
a++ = 10
b-- = 11
d++ = 25
++d = 27](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/computerprogramming2-chapter5-201020060015/85/Computer-programming-2-Lesson-7-4-320.jpg)
![EXAMPLE
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
System.out.println("a == b = " + (a == b) );
System.out.println("a != b = " + (a != b) );
System.out.println("a > b = " + (a > b) );
System.out.println("a < b = " + (a < b) );
System.out.println("b >= a = " + (b >= a) );
System.out.println("b <= a = " + (b <= a) );
}
}
This will produce the following
result −
Output
a == b = false
a != b = true
a > b = false
a < b = true
b >= a = true
b <= a = false](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/computerprogramming2-chapter5-201020060015/85/Computer-programming-2-Lesson-7-6-320.jpg)
![EXAMPLE
This program is a simple example
that demonstrates the bitwise
operators. Copy and paste the
following Java program in Test.java
file and compile and run this
program −
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 60; /* 60 = 0011 1100 */
int b = 13; /* 13 = 0000 1101 */
int c = 0;
c = a & b; /* 12 = 0000 1100 */
System.out.println("a & b = " + c );
c = a | b; /* 61 = 0011 1101 */
System.out.println("a | b = " + c );
c = a ^ b; /* 49 = 0011 0001 */
System.out.println("a ^ b = " + c );
c = ~a; /*-61 = 1100 0011 */
System.out.println("~a = " + c );
c = a << 2; /* 240 = 1111 0000 */
System.out.println("a << 2 = " + c );
c = a >> 2; /* 15 = 1111 */
System.out.println("a >> 2 = " + c );
c = a >>> 2; /* 15 = 0000 1111 */
System.out.println("a >>> 2 = " + c );
}
}
Output:
a & b = 12
a | b = 61
a ^ b = 49
~a = -61
a << 2 = 240
a >> 2 = 15
a >>> 2 = 15](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/computerprogramming2-chapter5-201020060015/85/Computer-programming-2-Lesson-7-9-320.jpg)
![This simple
example program
demonstrates the
logical operators.
Copy and paste the
following Java
program in Test.java
file and compile
and run this
program
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
boolean a = true;
boolean b = false;
System.out.println("a && b = " + (a&&b));
System.out.println("a || b = " + (a||b) );
System.out.println("!(a && b) = " + !(a && b));
}
} Output
a && b = false
a || b = true
!(a && b) = true](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/computerprogramming2-chapter5-201020060015/85/Computer-programming-2-Lesson-7-11-320.jpg)
![The following program
is a simple example
that demonstrates the
assignment operators.
Copy and paste the
following Java program
in Test.java file.
Compile and run this
program −
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
int c = 0;
c = a + b;
System.out.println("c = a + b = " + c );
c += a ;
System.out.println("c += a = " + c );
c -= a ;
System.out.println("c -= a = " + c );
c *= a ;
System.out.println("c *= a = " + c );
a = 10;
c = 15;
c /= a ;
System.out.println("c /= a = " + c );
a = 10;
c = 15;
c %= a ;
System.out.println("c %= a = " + c );
c <<= 2 ;
System.out.println("c <<= 2 = " + c );
c >>= 2 ;
System.out.println("c >>= 2 = " + c );
c >>= 2 ;
System.out.println("c >>= 2 = " + c );
c &= a ;
System.out.println("c &= a = " + c );
c ^= a ;
System.out.println("c ^= a = " + c );
c |= a ;
System.out.println("c |= a = " + c );
}
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/computerprogramming2-chapter5-201020060015/85/Computer-programming-2-Lesson-7-13-320.jpg)
Computer programming 2 Lesson 7
- 1. Computer Programming 2 Lesson 7 – Java Basic Operators Prepared by: Analyn G. Regaton
- 2. DIFFERENT OPERATORS Java provides a rich set of operators to manipulate variables. We can divide all the Java operators into the following groups − Arithmetic Operators Relational Operators Bitwise Operators Logical Operators Assignment Operators Misc Operators
- 3. ARITHMETIC OPERATORS Arithmetic operators are used in mathematical expressions in the same way that they are used in algebra. The following table lists the arithmetic operators − Assume integer variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then −
- 4. EXAMPLE The following program is a simple example which demonstrates the arithmetic operators. Copy and paste the following Java program in Test.java file, and compile and run this program − public class Test { public static void main(String args[]) { int a = 10; int b = 20; int c = 25; int d = 25; System.out.println("a + b = " + (a + b) ); System.out.println("a - b = " + (a - b) ); System.out.println("a * b = " + (a * b) ); System.out.println("b / a = " + (b / a) ); System.out.println("b % a = " + (b % a) ); System.out.println("c % a = " + (c % a) ); System.out.println("a++ = " + (a++) ); System.out.println("b-- = " + (a--) ); // Check the difference in d++ and ++d System.out.println("d++ = " + (d++) ); System.out.println("++d = " + (++d) ); } } OUTPUT: a + b = 30 a - b = -10 a * b = 200 b / a = 2 b % a = 0 c % a = 5 a++ = 10 b-- = 11 d++ = 25 ++d = 27
- 5. THE RELATIONAL OPERATORS Operator Description Example == (equal to) Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true. (A == B) is not true. != (not equal to) Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true. (A != B) is true. > (greater than) Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (A > B) is not true. < (less than) Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (A < B) is true. >= (greater than or equal to) Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (A >= B) is not true. <= (less than or equal to) Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (A <= B) is true. There are following relational operators supported by Java language. Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then –
- 6. EXAMPLE public class Test { public static void main(String args[]) { int a = 10; int b = 20; System.out.println("a == b = " + (a == b) ); System.out.println("a != b = " + (a != b) ); System.out.println("a > b = " + (a > b) ); System.out.println("a < b = " + (a < b) ); System.out.println("b >= a = " + (b >= a) ); System.out.println("b <= a = " + (b <= a) ); } } This will produce the following result − Output a == b = false a != b = true a > b = false a < b = true b >= a = true b <= a = false
- 7. THE BITWISE OPERATORS Java defines several bitwise operators, which can be applied to the integer types, long, int, short, char, and byte. Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit-by-bit operation. Assume if a = 60 and b = 13; now in binary format they will be as follows − a = 0011 1100 b = 0000 1101 ----------------- a&b = 0000 1100 a|b = 0011 1101 a^b = 0011 0001 ~a = 1100 0011
- 8. List of bitwise operators Operator Description Example & (bitwise and) BinaryANDOperator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. (A & B) will give 12 which is 0000 1100 | (bitwise or) Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand. (A | B) will give 61 which is 0011 1101 ^ (bitwise XOR) Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. (A ^ B) will give 49 which is 0011 0001 ~ (bitwise compliment) BinaryOnes Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits. (~A ) will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in 2's complement form due to a signed binary number. << (left shift) Binary Left Shift Operator.The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. A << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000 >> (right shift) Binary Right Shift Operator.The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. A >> 2 will give 15 which is 1111 >>> (zero fill right shift) Shift right zero fill operator.The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand and shifted values are filled up with zeros. A >>>2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111 Assume integer variable A holds 60 and variable B holds 13 then –
- 9. EXAMPLE This program is a simple example that demonstrates the bitwise operators. Copy and paste the following Java program in Test.java file and compile and run this program − public class Test { public static void main(String args[]) { int a = 60; /* 60 = 0011 1100 */ int b = 13; /* 13 = 0000 1101 */ int c = 0; c = a & b; /* 12 = 0000 1100 */ System.out.println("a & b = " + c ); c = a | b; /* 61 = 0011 1101 */ System.out.println("a | b = " + c ); c = a ^ b; /* 49 = 0011 0001 */ System.out.println("a ^ b = " + c ); c = ~a; /*-61 = 1100 0011 */ System.out.println("~a = " + c ); c = a << 2; /* 240 = 1111 0000 */ System.out.println("a << 2 = " + c ); c = a >> 2; /* 15 = 1111 */ System.out.println("a >> 2 = " + c ); c = a >>> 2; /* 15 = 0000 1111 */ System.out.println("a >>> 2 = " + c ); } } Output: a & b = 12 a | b = 61 a ^ b = 49 ~a = -61 a << 2 = 240 a >> 2 = 15 a >>> 2 = 15
- 10. LOGICAL OPERATORS Operator Description Example && (logical and) Called LogicalAND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true. (A && B) is false || (logical or) Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non- zero, then the condition becomes true. (A || B) is true ! (logical not) Called Logical NOTOperator.Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false. !(A && B) is true Assume Boolean variables A holds true and variable B holds false, then −
- 11. This simple example program demonstrates the logical operators. Copy and paste the following Java program in Test.java file and compile and run this program public class Test { public static void main(String args[]) { boolean a = true; boolean b = false; System.out.println("a && b = " + (a&&b)); System.out.println("a || b = " + (a||b) ); System.out.println("!(a && b) = " + !(a && b)); } } Output a && b = false a || b = true !(a && b) = true
- 12. ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS Operator Description Example = Simple assignment operator. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand. C =A + B will assign value of A + B into C += AddAND assignment operator. It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand. C +=A is equivalent to C = C +A -= SubtractAND assignment operator. It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand. C -=A is equivalent to C = C – A *= MultiplyAND assignment operator. It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand. C *=A is equivalent to C = C *A /= DivideAND assignment operator. It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand. C /=A is equivalent to C = C /A %= ModulusAND assignment operator. It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand. C %=A is equivalent to C = C % A <<= Left shift AND assignment operator. C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2 >>= Right shift AND assignment operator. C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2 &= Bitwise AND assignment operator. C &= 2 is same as C =C & 2 ^= bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator. C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2 |= bitwise inclusiveOR and assignment operator. C |= 2 is same as C =C | 2
- 13. The following program is a simple example that demonstrates the assignment operators. Copy and paste the following Java program in Test.java file. Compile and run this program − public class Test { public static void main(String args[]) { int a = 10; int b = 20; int c = 0; c = a + b; System.out.println("c = a + b = " + c ); c += a ; System.out.println("c += a = " + c ); c -= a ; System.out.println("c -= a = " + c ); c *= a ; System.out.println("c *= a = " + c ); a = 10; c = 15; c /= a ; System.out.println("c /= a = " + c ); a = 10; c = 15; c %= a ; System.out.println("c %= a = " + c ); c <<= 2 ; System.out.println("c <<= 2 = " + c ); c >>= 2 ; System.out.println("c >>= 2 = " + c ); c >>= 2 ; System.out.println("c >>= 2 = " + c ); c &= a ; System.out.println("c &= a = " + c ); c ^= a ; System.out.println("c ^= a = " + c ); c |= a ; System.out.println("c |= a = " + c ); } }
- 14. OUTPUT Output c = a + b = 30 c += a = 40c -= a = 30 c *= a = 300 c /= a = 1 c %= a = 5 c <<= 2 = 20 c >>= 2 = 5 c >>= 2 = 1 c &= a = 0 c ^= a = 10 c |= a = 10
- 15. PRECEDENCE OFJAVA OPERATORS Operator precedence determines the grouping of terms in an expression. This affects how an expression is evaluated. Certain operators have higher precedence than others; for example, the multiplication operator has higher precedence than the addition operator − For example, x = 7 + 3 * 2; here x is assigned 13, not 20 because operator * has higher precedence than +, so it first gets multiplied with 3 * 2 and then adds into 7. Next slide will show you the operators with the highest precedence appear at the top of the table, those with the lowest appear at the bottom. Within an expression, higher precedence operators will be evaluated first.
- 16. OPERATORSWITH HIGHEST PRECEDENCE Category Operator Associativity Postfix expression++ expression-- Left to right Unary ++expression –-expression +expression –expression ~ ! Right to left Multiplicative * / % Left to right Additive + - Left to right Shift << >> >>> Left to right Relational < > <= >= instanceof Left to right Equality == != Left to right Bitwise AND & Left to right Bitwise XOR ^ Left to right Bitwise OR | Left to right Logical AND && Left to right Logical OR || Left to right Conditional ?: Right to left Assignment = += -= *= /= %= ^= |= <<= >>= >>>= Right to left