Building modern web sites with ASP .Net Web API, WebSockets and RSignal
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The document discusses the development of modern web applications using ASP.NET, Web API, SignalR, and WebSockets, highlighting features like RESTful APIs, single-page applications, and improved usability with HTML5. It emphasizes the benefits of faster websites, lower traffic, and enhanced testability while providing examples of API usage and SignalR for real-time communication. Additionally, it covers steps for setting up environments for high load and supports cross-domain access via WebSockets.
![Mobile &
ASP.Net Web API routing Development
routes.MapHttpRoute(
name: "API Default",
routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
);
• Avoids conflicts with MVC routing
• Naming Convention
– GetAllProducts, DeleteProduct, etc
• Explicit action attributes:
– [HttpGet], [HttpPost], [HttpPut], [HttpDelete], [NonAction]
• User "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}” for RPC style routing
– Needs explicit verb attributes
@ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/itcamp-2012-webapi-120610091107-phpapp01/85/Building-modern-web-sites-with-ASP-Net-Web-API-WebSockets-and-RSignal-14-320.jpg)
![Mobile &
Look Mama, no global.asax routes Development
• SignalR’s AspNetBootStrapper defines
– [assembly:
PreApplicationStartMethod(typeof(AspNetBootstrapper),
"Initialize")]
– Initialize calls: RouteTable.Routes.MapHubs();
• Mapping the /signalr route
• No need for:
– Explicit global.asax route mapping
– Web.config settings
@ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/itcamp-2012-webapi-120610091107-phpapp01/85/Building-modern-web-sites-with-ASP-Net-Web-API-WebSockets-and-RSignal-28-320.jpg)
![Mobile &
In ASP.Net – updated support Development
• Install-Package Microsoft.WebSockets
RouteTable.Routes.Add(new ServiceRoute("connect",
new WebSocketServiceHostFactory(),
typeof(GameService)));
public class GameService : WebSocketService
{
private static GameServer server = new GameServer();
private GameConnection connection;
public override void OnOpen()
{
string nickname = QueryParameters["nickname"];
int gameSize = int.Parse(QueryParameters["gamesize"]);
connection = server.JoinGame(this, nickname, gameSize);
}
public override void OnMessage(string message)
{
connection.ProcessCommand(message);
}
protected override void OnClose()
{
if(connection != null)
connection.Disconnect();
}
}
}
@ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/itcamp-2012-webapi-120610091107-phpapp01/85/Building-modern-web-sites-with-ASP-Net-Web-API-WebSockets-and-RSignal-40-320.jpg)
Building modern web sites with ASP .Net Web API, WebSockets and RSignal
- 1. Building modern web sites with ASP .Net Web API, WebSockets and RSignal Alessandro Pilotti MVP ASP.Net / IIS Windows Azure Insider @alexpilotti @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 2. Mobile & ITCamp 2012 sponsors Development @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 3. Mobile & Agenda Development • ASP.Net Web API • SignalR • WebSocket @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 4. Mobile & What’s the deal? Development • The web app designer’s holy grail: – Reach the usability level of a desktop app • The web app designer’s curse: – Lack of standard API on the browser’s side • Until recently the only way out was a RIA framework: – Flash / Silverlight @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 5. Mobile & HTML5 Development • HTML5 is changing the game • Great set of new browser features: – Application cache – Web storage – WebSockets – WebWorkers – Geolocation – Drag&Drop – Multiple file uploads – Inline SVG – History management – … and that Video thing @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 6. Mobile & Javascript? Development • Javascript is getting a huge boost – There’s more than meets the eye – Its prototyping nature and flexibility is great • The rest sucks • An enormous amount of frameworks are available today, e.g: – JQuery / JQuery UI – Knockout.js – Backbone.js – Underscore.js – History.js – …And a gazillion more @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 7. Mobile & SPA Development • Single Page Applications – A single HTML is loaded in the browser – History (aka back button) is managed via Javascript – Templates are used to load and render in the DOM content on demand • Some Ajax might be useful for that – Offline usage • Application cache • Web storage @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 8. Mobile & And how do we access Data? Development • Web pages communicate with the server via asynchronous calls – XmlHttpRequest (as in ajax) – JSON serialization • Way faster than XML • Originally decoded with “eval” • Modern browsers provide native encoding / deconding – JSON.parse(…) / JSON.stringify(…) – Even faster! – RESTful APIs – WebSockets • Where supported @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 9. Mobile & Great advantages Development • Faster web sites • Lower traffic • Clear separation – UI – Services / BL • Enhanced testability – Unit tests for the server API – MVVM in Javascript (e.g. Knockout.js) • Enhanced portability – E.g. Mobile UI @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 10. Mobile & ASP.Net Web API Development • ASP.Net Web API – Comes with MVC4 – Provides a new RESTful Web API framework – ODATA support – Very easy – Great IoC support – EF integration (DbDataController<T>) – Can be also installed on MVC3 or Web Forms • Install-Package AspNetWebApi • All the ASP.Net Stack is open source!! – http://aspnetwebstack.codeplex.com/ • Alternative: WCF – RESTful support – More control • Complicated bindings configuration @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 11. Mobile & RESTful APIs Development • Use of HTTP verbs: – GET – POST – PUT – DELETE • Great for CRUD operations • Errors use HTTP semantics – E.g. not found => 404 • Uses custom routing • A lot less bloated than SOAP @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 12. Mobile & RESTful APIs example Development Action HTTP verb Relative URI Get a list of all products GET /api/products Get a product by ID GET /api/products/id Get a product by category GET /api/products?category=category Create a new product POST /api/products Update a product PUT /api/products/id Delete a product DELETE /api/products/id @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 13. Mobile & jQuery example Development jQuery does all the dirty job, the result is neat and clean: $.getJSON( "api/products", function(data) { $.each(data, function(index, value) { $("#products").append('<li>' + value.Name + '</li>'); }); }); @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 14. Mobile & ASP.Net Web API routing Development routes.MapHttpRoute( name: "API Default", routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}", defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional } ); • Avoids conflicts with MVC routing • Naming Convention – GetAllProducts, DeleteProduct, etc • Explicit action attributes: – [HttpGet], [HttpPost], [HttpPut], [HttpDelete], [NonAction] • User "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}” for RPC style routing – Needs explicit verb attributes @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 15. Mobile & HttpMessageHandler Development • ASP.Net Web API is based on a pipeline • Inherit from DelegatingHandler to create your handlers – E.g. check an API key • Add with: – config.MessageHandlers.Add(new ApiKeyHandler()); @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 16. Mobile & ODATA + Web API Development • Open Data Protocol – A web protocol for querying and updating data • Enable ODATA queries on your Web API – Just return an IQueriable<T> • Examples – http://localhost:1702/api/Products?$filter=Enabled%2 0eq%20true – http://localhost:1702/api/Products?$orderby=Name% 20desc – http://localhost:1702/api/Products?$filter=startswith( Name,’whatever') @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 17. Mobile & CURL Development • Great tool for troubleshooting • curl -i -H "Accept: application/json" http://localhost:1823/api/Products • curl -i -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Accept: application/json" -X POST -d @data.json http://localhost:1823/api/Product @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 18. WEB API DEMO @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 19. Mobile & SignalR Development • A framework that provides some magic for: – Persistent connections • LongPolling • WebSockets • Examples: chat, stock ticker updates – Dynamic proxy generation for Javascript code • Hubs – JSON serialization • Asynchronous model • Supports self hosting • Unrelated to MVC or Web Forms • Install-package SignalR – Or: https://github.com/SignalR/SignalR @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 20. Mobile & Long Polling Development A way to simulate push data connections 1. The client connects via HTTP 2. The server waits for available data 3. The server sends the response 4. Back to step one @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 21. Mobile & Persistent connections (server) Development public class MyConnection : PersistentConnection { protected override Task OnReceivedAsync(IRequest request, string connectionId, string data) { // Broadcast data to all clients return Connection.Broadcast(data); } } Routing setup in global.asax: RouteTable.Routes.MapConnection<MyConnection>("echo", "echo/{*operation}"); @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 22. Mobile & Persistent connections (client) Development $(function () { var connection = $.connection('/echo'); connection.received(function (data) { $('#messages').append('<li>' + data + '</li>'); }); connection.start(); $("#broadcast").click(function () { connection.send($('#msg').val()); }); }); @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 23. Mobile & PersistentConnection API Development • Task OnConnectedAsync(IRequest request, string connectionId) • Task OnReconnectedAsync(IRequest request, IEnumerable groups, string connectionId) • Task OnReceivedAsync(IRequest request, string connectionId, string data) • Task OnDisconnectAsync(string connectionId) • Task OnErrorAsync(Exception error) @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 24. Mobile & IConnection API Development • Task Broadcast(object value) • Task Send(string signal, object value) @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 25. Mobile & External broadcasts Development var context = GlobalHost.ConnectionManager. GetConnectionContext<MyEndPoint>(); context.Connection.Broadcast(message); • Useful to send messages starting from a server action @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 26. Mobile & Hub (server) Development public class Chat : Hub { public void Send(string message) { // Call the addMessage method on all clients Clients.addMessage(message); } } • Methods can have any name, the client resolves the names via proxy • Clients is a dynamic object – addMessage is defined in Javascript!! @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 27. Mobile & Hub (client) Development var chat = $.connection.chat; // Declare a function on the chat hub so the server can invoke it chat.addMessage = function(message) { $('#messages').append('<li>' + message + '</li>'); }; $("#broadcast").click(function () { // Call the chat method on the server chat.send($('#msg').val()) .done(function() { console.log('Success!'); }) .fail(function(e) { console.warn(e); }); }); // Start the connection $.connection.hub.start(); @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 28. Mobile & Look Mama, no global.asax routes Development • SignalR’s AspNetBootStrapper defines – [assembly: PreApplicationStartMethod(typeof(AspNetBootstrapper), "Initialize")] – Initialize calls: RouteTable.Routes.MapHubs(); • Mapping the /signalr route • No need for: – Explicit global.asax route mapping – Web.config settings @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 29. Mobile & External broadcasts Development var context = GlobalHost.ConnectionManager. GetHubContext<MyHub>(); context.Clients.say(message); @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 30. Mobile & IIS setup for high loads Development • appcmd.exe set config /section:serverRuntime /appConcurrentRequestLimit:100000 • In %windir%Microsoft.NETFrameworkv4.0.30319 aspnet.config – maxConcurrentRequestsPerCPU="20000” • In %windir%Microsoft.NETFrameworkv4.0.30319 Configmachine.config – <processModel autoConfig="false" requestQueueLimit="250000" /> technologies @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft
- 31. SIGNALR DEMO @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 32. Mobile & WebSockets Development • TCP/IP communication style model – Handshake resembles HTTP • Interoperable • Standard W3C (still in draft) – Older browsers support old versions • Bidirectional communications • Supports cross domain access! @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 33. Mobile & Handshake Development Request: GET /mychat HTTP/1.1 Host: server.example.com Upgrade: websocket Connection: Upgrade Sec-WebSocket-Key: x3JJHMbDL1EzLkh9GBhXDw== Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13 Origin: http://example.com Response: HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols Upgrade: websocket Connection: Upgrade Sec-WebSocket-Accept: HSmrc0sMlYUkAGmm5OPpG2HaGWk= Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 34. Mobile & Javascript Development • Url: ws://yourhost/etc – wss: when used with SSL/TLS var socket = new WebSocket('ws://game.example.com:12010/update s'); socket.onopen = function () { setInterval(function() { if (socket.bufferedAmount == 0) socket.send(getUpdateData()); }, 50); }; @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 35. Mobile & Minimum requirements Development • IE 10 • Chrome 4 • Firefox 4 • Safari 5 • Opera 11 • Server: IIS 8 @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 36. Mobile & Proxy support Development • Proxies tipically don’t recognize WebSocket traffic • By using SSL/TLS the problem is mitigated – Client uses HTTP CONNECT in this case @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 37. Mobile & IIS 8 – enable WebSockets feature Development @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 38. Mobile & WCF 4.5 – HTTP Activation Development @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 39. Mobile & WCF 4.5 Development @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 40. Mobile & In ASP.Net – updated support Development • Install-Package Microsoft.WebSockets RouteTable.Routes.Add(new ServiceRoute("connect", new WebSocketServiceHostFactory(), typeof(GameService))); public class GameService : WebSocketService { private static GameServer server = new GameServer(); private GameConnection connection; public override void OnOpen() { string nickname = QueryParameters["nickname"]; int gameSize = int.Parse(QueryParameters["gamesize"]); connection = server.JoinGame(this, nickname, gameSize); } public override void OnMessage(string message) { connection.ProcessCommand(message); } protected override void OnClose() { if(connection != null) connection.Disconnect(); } } } @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 41. WEBSOCKETS DEMO @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies
- 42. Q&A @ itcampro # itcamp12 Premium conference on Microsoft technologies