Building arcade game using python workshop

IWD 2021:
Building an Arcade Game
Using Python Workshop
By
Eng. Mahdi AlFaraj
Mariam AlMahdi
0

Before we start learning let’s
Download
“Python” & “Pycharm”
1

Environment
Website: python.org/downloads/
2

For Mac OS
Environment
3
1. From Downloads file choose python-3.9.2 file
2. Click continue
3. Click agree.
4. Insert your password then click install.

Downloading PyCharm
code editor
The Python IDE Integrated development environment
Website:
https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/do
wnload/#section=mac
5

Download PyCharm (Cont.)
1. Click on “Download” 2. Choose “Community” edition click “Download.
6

Mac users
3. Go to downloads and click on
PyCharm folder.
4. Drag PyCharm icon to
Applications folder.
5. This window will appear because it is
downloaded from the internet.
7

Windows users
3. Click on the downloaded PyCharm folder then click “next”.
4. Click “next”.
5. Check the 64-bit launcher then press ”next”.
8
6. Click ”install”

Windows users
7. Click on “finish”.
8. Click “Accept”.
9. Check ”OK”.
9
10. Click ”Don’t send”

• Choose the first choice then click next , next, next and next again.
• Finally, this is the main page of PyCharm. Click on create new
project.
10

What are we going to learn?
• Basic programming terminologies.
• Variables, String Numbers.
• print function.
• Writing comments.
• If/else statement.
• Loops.
• Range function.
• Modules and modules’ methods.
• Object-oriented programming.
• Functions as parameters.
12

Basic Programming terms
• code or source code: The sequence of instructions in a program.
• syntax: The set of legal structures and commands that can be used in
a particular programming language.
• output: The messages printed to the user by a program.
• console: The text box onto which output is printed.
13

Variables
• Rules for naming variables in Python:
• Variable name cannot be a Python keyword
• Variable name cannot contain spaces
• First character must be a letter or an underscore
• After first character may use letters, digits, or underscores
• Variable names are case sensitive
• Variable name should reflect its use
14
• Defining a variable:
• variable = expression
• Example: age = 29

Strings
• Strings (str)
• Must be enclosed in single (‘) or double (“) quote marks
• For example:
15
my_string = "This is a double-quoted string."
my_string = 'This is a single-quoted string.’
my_string= ‘ This is a “single-quoted” string.’
my_string= “ This is a ‘double-quoted’ string.”

Numbers
• Numbers in Python can be in a form of:
• Integer, for example:
Age = 37
• Float, for example:
GPA = 3.67
• You can do all of the basic operations
with numbers.
• + for addition
• - for subtraction
• * for multiplication
• / for division
• ** for exponent
• () for parenthesis
16
• Example: Output:
print(3+4)
print(1.6-9.5)
print(2**2)
print(5.5/2)
result= 2+ 3*4
print(result)
result= (2+ 3)*4
print(result)
7
-7.9
4
2.75
14
20

Variables, Strings, and Numbers
• Example:
• Calculate the following formula:
𝑎2
+ 𝑏3
× 𝑐
where a= 5, b=4, c=8
save the values in variables.
17

Comments
• Comments: notes of explanation within a program
• Ignored by Python interpreter
• Intended for a person reading the program’s code
• Begin with a # character
• Example:
• Output
# This line is a comment.
print("This line is not a comment, it is
code.")
This line is not a comment, it is code.
18

If statement
Making Decisions – Controlling Program Flow
• To make interesting programs, you must be able to make decisions about
data and take different actions based upon those decisions.
• if statement: Executes a group of statements only if a certain condition
is true. Otherwise, the statements are skipped.
• Syntax of the If statement:
if condition:
Statement
Statement
• First line known as the if clause
• Includes the keyword “if” followed by “condition”
• The condition can be true or false
• When the if statement executes, the condition is tested, and if it is true the block statements
are executed. otherwise, block statements are skipped.
19

if/ else statements
• The syntax of the if statement is as follows:
if boolean expression :
STATEMENT
STATEMENT
• Boolean expression: expression tested by if statement to determine if
it is true or false
• Example: a > b
• true if a is greater than b; false otherwise
• Relational operator: determines whether a specific relationship exists
between two values
• Example: greater than (>)
20

if/ else statements
• Boolean expressions use relational operators:
• Boolean expressions can be combined with logical operators:
21

If statement
• Example:
• Output:
• The indented block of code following an if statement is executed if
the Boolean expression is true, otherwise it is skipped.
22
gpa = 3.4
if gpa > 2.0:
print ("Your application is accepted.”)
Your application is accepted.

if/else Statements
• Dual alternative decision structure:
• two possible paths of execution
• One is taken if the condition is true, and the other if the condition is False
• If you have two mutually exclusive choices and want to guarantee that only
one of them is executed, you can use an if/else statement.
• The else statement adds a second block of code that is executed if the
Boolean expression is False.
• Syntax:
if condition:
statements
else:
other statements
• Rules of if/else statments
• if clause and else clause must be aligned
• Statements must be consistently indented
23

if/else statements
• Syntax:
if boolean expression :
STATEMENT
STATEMENT
else:
STATEMENT
STATEMENT
24

if/else
• if/else statement: Executes one block of statements if a certain
condition is True, and a second block of statements if it is False.
• Example:
25
gpa = 1.4
if gpa > 2.0:
print("Welcome to University!")
else:
print("Your application is denied.")
print(“Good luck”)

Loops
• A loop statement allows us to execute a
statement or group of statements
multiple times.
• Two types of loops:
• for loop:
Executes a sequence of statements multiple
times and abbreviates the code that manages
the loop variable.
• while loop:
Repeats a statement or group of statements
while a given condition is TRUE. It tests the
condition before executing the loop body.
26

range function
• The range function specifies a range of integers:
range (stop) - the integers between 0 (inclusive) and
stop (exclusive)
• Syntax:
for var in range(stop):
statements
• Repeats for values 0 (inclusive) to stop (exclusive)
for i in range(5):
... print(i)
0
1
2
3
4 27

for Loop
• for loop: Repeats a set of statements over a group of values.
• Syntax:
• Rules of loops:
• We indent the statements to be repeated with tabs or spaces.
• VariableName gives a name to each value, so you can refer to it in the statements.
• GroupOfValues can be a range of integers, specified with the range function.
for < var > in <sequence or group of valuse>:
<statements>
28
for x in range(1, 6):
print( x, ” squared is ", x * x )
1 squared is 1
2 squared is 4
3 squared is 9
4 squared is 16
5 squared is 25

Deference between “for” and “range” function
• Example:
• Output:
• Example:
• Output:
for x in (1 , 5):
print(x," Hello")
1 Hello
5 Hello
for x in range(1 , 5):
print(x," Hello")
1 Hello
2 Hello
3 Hello
4 Hello 29

Loop control statements
break Jumps out of the closest enclosing loop
continue Jumps to the top of the closest enclosing loop
pass Does nothing, empty statement placeholder
30

Nested Loop
• Loops defined within another loop is called Nested loop. When an outer loop contains an inner loop
in its body it is called Nested looping.
• Syntax:
for <expression>:
for <expression>:
body
• for example:
Stops summing at 4
because it is grater than
5 and does not count 5
as an output
2+1 =3
3+1=4
4+1=5 it will give
output 4 and
ends the output
result as 4
31
for a in range (1,5):
for b in range (1,a+1):
print(a)

while
• while loop: Executes a group of statements as long as a condition is
True.
• good for indefinite loops (repeat an unknown number of times)
• Syntax:
while condition:
statements
32
number = 1
while number < 200:
print (number)
number = number * 2
1
2
4
8
16
32
64
128

Modules & Modules’ methods
• The highest-level structure of Python
• Each file with the py suffix is a module
• Each module has its own namespace
• Example:
• import mymodule Brings all elements of mymodule in, but must refer to
as mymodule.
• Modules:
• Turtle Module
• Random Module
• Math Module
33

Turtle Module
• turtle is a pre-installed Python library that enables users to create
pictures and shapes by providing them with a virtual canvas. It is very
user friendly and easy to use.
• We use it in our game to generate the game window and the player,
enemies and bullet objects.
• To use it, we must import it at the start of our code using the
command:
34

Examples of turtle methods
• Methods:
• .color
• .shape
• .bgpic
• .penup
• For example:
bullet = turtle.Turtle()
bullet.color("yellow")
bullet.shape("triangle")
bullet.penup()
bullet.speed(0)
35

Random Module
• Python has a built-in module that you can use to create random numbers
called random.
• We will use it to generate a random number for enemy positions in the
game.
• We use this command to import the random module:
• For example:
x = random.randint(-200, 200)
y = random.randint(100, 250)
36

Random Module
Syntax example:
import random
random.random() # returns a float between 0 to 1
random.randint(1, 6) # returns an int between 1 to 6
members = [‘John’, ‘Bob’, ‘Mary’]
leader = random.choice(members) # randomly picks an item
37

Math Module
• Python has a built-in module that you can use for mathematical tasks
called math.
• The math module offers a set of methods and constants that we can use.
Think of functions like cosine, sine, square root and powers. Constants
include the number pi and Euler’s number.
• We use this command to import the math module:
• Example:
distance = math.sqrt(math.pow(t1.xcor()-t2.xcor(),2)+math.pow(t1.ycor()-
t2.ycor(),2))
38

Basics of math module
• Python has useful commands for performing calculations.
To use many of these commands, you must write the following at the top of your Python
program:
from math import *
39

Object-Oriented Programming
• Everything is an object
• Everything means everything, including functions and classes (more
on this later!)
• Data type is a property of the object and not of the variable
40

Functions are objects
• Can be assigned to a variable
• Can be passed as a parameter
• Can be returned from a function
• Functions are treated like any other variable in Python, the def
statement simply assigns a function to a variable
• Function names are like any variable
• The same reference rules hold for them as for other objects
41

Function as parameters
def foo(f, a) :
return f(a)
def bar(x) :
return x * x
from funcasparam import *
foo(bar, 3)
Output:
9
• Note that the function foo takes
two parameters and applies the
first as a function with the
second as its parameter
42

Functions
def max(x,y) :
if x < y :
return x
else :
return y
43

Global and local variables
• A global variable is a variable declared outside of a function
• Scope: this variable can be used in the entire program
• A local variable us a
variable declared inside
of a function.
• Scope: this variable is used
only in the function it
is declared in.
44
num1= 0
num2= num1+6
c=9
def my_function(a,b):
global c
c=0
c+=1
a=b+c
num3=num1*num2
(num1,num2) are global variables
(num1,num2,num3)
are global variables
(a,b,c) are local variables because
they are inside a defined function
Global c will refer to c variable outside the
function and will change its value to 0

Let’s try to develop an arcade game using
what we’ve learned so far 
45

References
• http://bit.ly/2Gp80s6
• Ms. Fatimah Al-Rashed – Python lab
46

Building arcade game using python workshop

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